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AUTHOR: 


CATULLUS,  C.  VALERIUS 


TITLE: 


CATULLUS; 

TRANSLATED  INTO 


PLACE: 


LONDON 


DA  TE : 


1879 


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Works.  Kng. 
Catullus,  C.  Valerius. 

Catullus;  translated  into  English  verse,  by  T 
Hart-Davles...   London.  C.  Kegan  Paul  &  co.. 

xlii,  167  p.   19^ cm. 


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LIBRARY 


CATULLUS, 


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CATULLUS 


TRANSLATED  INTO  ENGLISH  VERSE. 


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:,.T.'  HAKT^DAVIES, 


BOMBAY  CIVIL  SERVICE, 
FOKMKKLV  EXHIBITIONER  OF  I'EMBROKE  COLLEGE.    OXKOKU. 


London: 
c.  kegan  paul  &  co.,  i  paternoster  square. 

1879. 


""■»"•■■••"■■►' 


CONTENTS. 


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PREFACE      ..... 

INTRODUCTION        .  .  . 

CARMEN  I.— TO  CORNELIUS  NEPOS 

CARMEN  II.— TO  LESBIANS  SPARROW 

CARMEN  III.— ELEGY  ON  LESBIANS  SPARROW 

CARMEN  IV.— THE  DEDICATION  OF  THE  PINNACE 

CARMEN  v.— TO  LESBIA       . 

CARMEN  VI.— TO  FLAVIUS 

CARMEN  VII.— TO  LESBIA 

CARMEN  VIII.— TO  HIMSELF 

CARMEN  IX.— TO  VERANNIUS 

CARMEN  X.— ON  VARUS*  MISTRESS 

CARMEN  XL— TO  FURIUS  AND  AURELIUS 

CARMEN  XII.— TO  ASINIUS 

CARMEN  XIII. — TO  FABULLUS 

CARMEN  XIV.— TO  CALVUS  LICINUS 

CARMEN  XVII.— TO  A  COLONIA      . 

CARMEN  XVIII. — THE  GARDEN  GOD 

CARMEN  XIX.— THE  GARDEN  GOD 

CARMEN  XX.— THE  GARDEN  GOD 

CARMEN  XXII.— TO  VARRUS 


PAGE 

ix 

xiii 
I 


2  J 


3 

4 
6 

7 
8 

9 
lo 

II 
13 

15 

i6 

i6 
i8 

19 

20 
21 

23 


^if^ 


VI 


Contents, 


I 


PAGE 

CARMEN  XXIII.— TO  FURIUS            ....  24 

CARMEN  XXIV.— TO  JUVENTIUS     .               .                .                .  25 

CARMEN  XXV.— TO  THAT.LUS          ....  25 

CARMEN  XXVI.— TO  FURIUS            ....  26 

CARMEN  XXVIL— TO  HIS  CUP  BEARER       ...  27 

CARMEN  XXVIIL— TO  VERANNIUS  AND  FABULLUS            .  2^ 
CARMEN  XXIX.— ON  CAESAR             .               .               .               .        *         28 

CARMEN  XXX.— TO  ALPHENUS       ....  30 

CARMEN  XXXI.— TO  SIRMIO             .               .               .               .  3 1 

CARMEN  XXXIV. — TO  DIANA            ....  32 

CARMEN  XXXV.— INVITATION  TO  CiECILIUS          .               .  33 

CARMEN  XXXVI. — ON  VOLUSIUS'  ANNALS                .               .  34 

CARMEN  XXXVIII.— TO  CORNIFICIUS          ...  35 

CARMEN  XXXIX.— ON  EGNATIUS                  ...  36 

CARMEN  XL.— TO  RAVIDUS              .               .              ..               .  38 

CARMEN  XLII.           ......  38 

CARMEN  XLIII. — ON  MAMURRA'S  MISTRESS           .               .  40 

CARMEN  XLIV.— TO  HIS  FARM        ....  40 

CARMEN  XLV.— ON  ACME  AND  SEPTIMIUS               .               ,  42 
CARMEN  XLVL— ON  THE  COMING  OF  SPRING  {Addressed  to 
himself)            ...... 

CARMEN  XLVIL— TO  PORCIUS  AND  SOCRATION    .  \ 

CARMEN  XLVIIL— TO  JUVENTIUS 

CARMEN  XLIX.— TO  M.  T.  CICERO 

CARMEN  L.— TO  LICINIUS  .... 

CARMEN  LI. — TO  LESBIA    ...... 

CARMEN  LIL— ON  STRUMA  AND  VATINIUS(yi^^r^JJ^^/^^/wje'^  48 

CARMEN  LIIL— ON  CALVUS              .           '   .               .               .  48 


43 
44 

45 

45 
46 

47 


Contents, 


Vll 


CARMEN  LV.— TO  CAMERIUS 

•  •  • 

CARMEN  LVII. — ON  MAMURRA  AND  CiESAR 
CARMEN  LVIIL— TO  CALIUS  ON  LESBIA     . 
CARMEN  LIX. — ON  RUFA  AND  RUFULUS  . 

CARMEN  LX. 

* 

CARMEN  LXL— ON  THE  MARRIAGE  OF  JULIA  AND  MANLIUS 

CARMEN  LXIL— NUPTIAL  SONG     .... 

CARMEN    LXIIL— ATYS 

•  •  •  . 

CARMEN  LXIV.— THE  MARRIAGE  OF  PELEUS  AND  THETIS 

CARMEN  LXV.— TO  HORTALUS        .... 

CARMEN  LXVL— ON  BERENICE'S  HAIR       . 

CARMEN  LXVII.— LINES  ON  A  WANTON'S  DOOR 

CARMEN  LXVIIL— TO  MANLIUS      . 

CARMEN  LXX.— ON  THE  INCONSTANCY  OF  WOMAN'S  LOVE 

CARMEN  LXXIL— TO  LESBIA 

CARMEN  LXXIII.— ON  AN  INGRATE 

CARMEN  LXXIV. — ON  GELLIUS       .  .  '  .  . 

CARMEN  LXXV.— TO  LESBIA  .... 

CARMEN  LXXVL— TO  HIMSELF       . 

CARMEN  LXXVII. — TO  RUFUS 

CARMEN  LXXVIII. — ON  GALLUS      .... 

CARMEN  LXXIX.— ON  LESBIUS        .... 

CARMEN  LXXXL— TO  JUVENTIUS 

CARMEN  LXXXIL— TO  QUINTIUS 

CARMEN  LXXXIIL— ON  LESBIA'S  HUSBAND 

CARMEN  LXXXIV.— ON  ARRIUS      . 

CARMEN  LXXXV.— ON  HIS  LOVE    . 

CARMEN  LXXXVL— ON  QUINCTIA  AND  LESBIA     . 


PAGE 

49 

51 

51 

52 

52 

53 

64 

69 

75 

95 

97 
102 

105 

'13 

113 
114 

114 

115 
116 

118 

119 

119 

120 

120 

121 

121 

122 

123 


VIU 


Contents, 


CARMEN  XCI. — ON  GELLIUS 

CARMEN  XCII. — ON  LESBIA 

CARMEN  XCIIL— ON  GiESAR 

CARMEN  XCV.— ON  THE  SMYRNA  OF  CINNA  THE  POET 

CARMEN  XCVI. — TO  CALVUS  ON  QUINCTILIA 

CARMEN  XCVIII. — TO  VETTIUS 

CARMEN  XCIX.— TO  JUVENTIUS     . 

CARMEN  C. — ON  CiELIUS  AND  QUINTIUS 

CARMEN  CI. — LINES  ON  HIS  BROTHER'S  GRAVE 

CARMEN  CII. — TO  CORNELIUS 

CARMEN  cm.— TO  SILO      . 

CARMEN  CIV. — ON  LESBIA 

CARMEN  CV. — ON  MENTULA 

CARMEN  CVI. — ON  THE  BOY  AND 

CARMEN  CVII. — TO  LESBIA 

CARMEN  CVIIL— TO  COMINIUS 

CARMEN  CIX.-  TO  LESBIA    ^ 

CARMEN  ex. — TO  AUFILENA 

CARMEN  CXIV. — ON  MENTULA 

CARMEN  CXV. — ON  MENTULA 

CARMEN  CXVI.— TO  GELLIUS^ 

NOTES 


THE  AUCI'IONEER 


PAGE 

123 

124 

124 

125 

126 

126 

127 

128 

129 

130 

130 

131 

J3I 

131 

132 

133 

133 

134 

134 

135 

136 

^yi 

PREFACE. 

When  Albinus  requested  that  some  allowance  might  be 
made  by  his  readers  for  the  badness  of  the  Greek  in  which 
his  Roman  History  was  written,  he  was  met  by  Cato  with  the 
obvious  answer  that  he  had  no  right  to  claim  indulgence  for 
a  work  which  he  had  taken  upon  himself  to  perform  without 
any  external  pressure.  I  should  be  open  to  much  the  same 
retort  were  I  to  claim  any  indulgence  for  the  present  essay  at 
rendering  Catullus  into  English  verse,  but  it  is  as  an  attempt, 
|'\  however  feeble,  to  popularize  still  further  the  productions  of 

so  unique  and  radiant  a  genius  that  the  present  version  is  in 
all  humility  offered. 

Indocti  discant  et  ament  meminisse  periti. 
^      At  all  events,  though  the  task  be  self-imposed,  the  condi- 
tions  under  which   these   translations   were  produced    may 
reasonably  claim  some   forbearance   for  their  shortcomings. 
Written,  for  the  most  part,  during  the  not  too  frequent  leisure 
hours  of  an  Indian  official  life,  and  at  times  when  I  was  often 
necessarily  reduced  to  even  less  than  the  one  'capsula'  of 
books  which  Catullus  had  with  him  at  Verona,  these  versions 
can  at  any  rate,  claim  perfect  originality,  though  an  originality 
dearly  purchased  at  the  hazard  of  committing  mistakes  from 
which  the  perusal  of  a  wider  circle  of  authorities  might  have 

A 

14 


I 


I 


Preface, 


Preface. 


XI 


saved  n,e.    It  cannot  be  said  that  the  world  is  overstocked  w>th 
translations  of  Catullus.    In  comparison  with  the  other  grea 
writers  of  antiquity  his  merits  can  hardly  be  sa.d  to  have 
been   duly  recognized,  and,   compared  with   the  numerous 
versions  which  exist  of  Virgil  and  Horace,  the  translations  of 
Catullus  are  markedly  few  in  number.    With  Mr  Theodore 
Martin's  admirable  and  scholarly  rendering  of  the  poems  the 
present  version  does  not,  of  course,  pretend  to  enter  mto 
any  competition,  but  one  brilliant  success  should  hardly  be 
considered  a  bar  to  all  subsequent  enterprise,  and  it  can 
scarcely  be  said  that  the  other  translations  of  the  entire  senes, 
such  as  Lamb's  and  Elton's,  are  altogether  satisfactory.     Some 
individual  poems  have  been  more  translated  and  .m.tated 
than  any  similar  works  in  any  language,  but  few  extant 
versions  embody  the  whole  of  Catullus'  writings,  as  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  passages  I  have  attempted  to  do  m  the 

present  volume. 

I  need  hardly  premise  that  Catullus  is  peculiarly  untrans- 
latable.    Mr  Lewes  in  his  'Life  of  Goethe '  has  expatiated  so 
fully  on  the  impossibility  of  any  translation  conveying  an 
adequate  idea    of  the  original,  that  the  illustrations   and 
arguments  to  prove  the  point  need  not  be  re-stated,  and  it 
cannot  be  denied  that  Catullus  is  beyond  all  other  poets 
difficult  to  render.    The  subtle  charm  of  his  dainty  versifica- 
tion must  necessarily  evaporate  in  the  process  of  transcnption 
into  another  language,  and  at  the  best  only  a  faint  adumbra- 


tion  of  the  original  can  be  conveyed.     I  have  not  attempted, 
except  in  the  case  of  the  Atys,  to  represent  any  of  the  poems 
in  the  metres  of  the  original     Compared  with  the  difficulty  of 
such  a  task,  the  advantages  that  could  be  attained  by  doing 
so  seemed  to  me  to  be  exceedingly  meagre.     The  genius  of  the 
English  language  is  not  suited  to  metrical  versions  of  any 
kind,  even  '  hexameters  and  elegiacs  have  only  an  artificial 
beauty,  and  do  not  appeal  to  the  ear  with  the  harmony  for 
which  the  same  metres  in  Latin  and  Greek,  and  even  in 
German,  are    distinguished.     The  charm  of  Hermann   and 
Dorothea,  and  of  the  Roman   and  Venetian  elegies,  is  far 
greater,  from   the  rhythmical  point  of  view,  than   that    of 
Evangeline,  or  the  occasional  attempts  of  Clough,  and   this 
not  so  much  owing  to  the  superiority  of  Goethe's  genius  as  to 
the  fact  that  he  had  a  more  serviceable  medium  at  his  com- 
mand.    Even  Tennyson  in  his  attempts  at  hendecasyllabic 
versification  has  admitted   as  much,  and  when  so  great  a 
master  of  rhythm  has  failed,  or  at  all  events  not  succeeded, 
who  could  hope  to  essay  with  confidence  ?    With  regard  to 
the  Atys  the  case  is  somewhat  different     The  undoubted 
success    of   the    fine    experiment    of    'Boadicea,'   and    the 
impossibility  of  finding  any  metre  in  English  which  does  not 
lose  entirely  the  rush  and  vigour  of  the  original,  rendered  it 
almost  a  duty  to  make  an  attempt  from  which  I  should  other- 
wise have  shrunk,  and  though  I  am  painfully  conscious  of  the 
inadequacy  of  my  version,  it  may  perhaps  encourage  some  one 


Preface, 


saved  me.  It  cannot  be  said  that  the  world  is  overstocked  with 
translations  of  Catullus.  In  comparison  with  the  other  great 
writers  of  antiquity  his  merits  can  hardly  be  said  to  have 
been  duly  recognized,  and,  compared  with  the  numerous 
versions  which  exist  of  Virgil  and  Horace,  the  translations  of 
Catullus  are  markedly  few  in  number.  With  Mr  Theodore 
Martin's  admirable  and  scholarly  rendering  of  the  poems  the 
present  version  does  not,  of  course,  pretend  to  enter  into 
any  competition,  but  one  brilliant  success  should  hardly  be 
considered  a  bar  to  all  subsequent  enterprise,  and  it  can 
scarcely  be  said  that  the  other  translations  of  the  entire  series, 
such  as  Lamb's  and  Elton's,  are  altogether  satisfactory.  Some 
individual  poems  have  been  more  translated  and  imitated 
than  any  similar  works  in  any  language,  but  few  extant 
versions  embody  the  whole  of  Catullus'  writings,  as  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  passages  I  have  attempted  to  do  in  the 
present  volume. 

I  need  hardly  premise  that  Catullus  is  peculiarly  untrans- 
latable. Mr  Lewes  in  his  *  Life  of  Goethe '  has  expatiated  so 
fully  on  the  impossibility  of  any  translation  conveying  an 
adequate  idea  of  the  original,  that  the  illustrations  and 
arguments  to  prove  the  point  need  not  be  re-stated,  and  it 
cannot  be  denied  that  Catullus  is  beyond  all  other  poets 
difficult  to  render.  The  subtle  charm  of  his  dainty  versifica- 
tion must  necessarily  evaporate  in  the  process  of  transcription 
into  another  language,  and  at  the  best  only  a  faint  adumbra- 


Preface, 


XI 


tion  of  the  original  can  be  conveyed.     I  have  not  attempted, 
except  in  the  case  of  the  Atys,  to  represent  any  of  the  poems 
in  the  metres  of  the  original.     Compared  with  the  difficulty  of 
such  a  task,  the  advantages  that  could  be  attained  by  doing 
so  seemed  to  me  to  be  exceedingly  meagre.     The  genius  of  the 
English  language  is  not  suited  to  metrical  versions  of  any 
kind,  even 'hexameters  and  elegiacs  have  only  an  artificial 
beauty,  and  do  not  appeal  to  the  ear  with  the  harmony  for 
which  the  same  metres  in  Latin  and  Greek,  and  even   in 
German,  are    distinguished.     The  charm  of  Hermann   and 
Dorothea,  and  of  the  Roman   and  Venetian  elegies,  is  far 
greater,  from   the  rhythmical  point  of  view,  than   that    of 
Evangeline,  or  the  occasional  attempts  of  Clough,  and  this 
not  so  much  owing  to  the  superiority  of  Goethe's  genius  as  to 
the  fact  that  he  had  a  more  serviceable  medium  at  his  com- 
mand.    Even  Tennyson   in  his  attempts   at  hendecasyllabic 
versification  has  admitted  as   much,  and  when  so  great  a 
master  of  rhythm  has  failed,  or  at  all  events  not  succeeded, 
who  could  hope  to  essay  with  confidence  ?    With  regard  to 
the  Atys   the  case  is  somewhat  different     The  undoubted 
success    of   the    fine    experiment    of    *Boadicea,'  and    the 
impossibility  of  finding  any  metre  in  English  which  does  not 
lose  entirely  the  rush  and  vigour  of  the  original,  rendered  it 
almost  a  duty  to  make  an  attempt  from  which  I  should  other- 
wise have  shrunk,  and  though  I  am  painfully  conscious  of  the 
inadequacy  of  my  version,  it  may  perhaps  encourage  some  one 


Xll 


Preface, 


to  make  the  same  experiment  with  greater  effect  I  have 
throughout  the  poem  adhered  to  the  Tennysonian  rather  than 
to  the  CatuUian  form  of  galliambics,  having  a  trochaic  rhythm 
in  the  first  half  of  the  line,  and  the  addition  generally  of  an 
unaccented  syllable  at  the  close. 

For  facility  of  reference  the  ordinary  arrangement  has  been 
followed,  the  fact  of  its  being  chronologically  inaccurate 
seems  hardly  sufficient  warrant  for  any  alteration.  The 
text  to  which  I  have  usually  had  recourse  is  that  of 
Doering,  though  Lachmann  and  Rossbach  have  also  been  laid 
under  contribution.  I  must  express  my  indebtedness  to 
Professor  R.  Ellis's  admirable  Commentary  and  Text,  a  life- 
work  which  has  entitled  him  to  the  warmest  gratitude  of  all 
lovers  of  Catullus,  and  1  have  also  derived  much  assistance 
from  Schwabe's  and  Heyse's  labours.  I  have  also  read  with 
profit,  M.  Couat*s  sympathetic  essay,  especially  on  the  influ- 
ence exercised  by  Alexandrinism  on  the  style  of  Catullus. 

T.  H.-D. 


INTRODUCTION. 


There  is  hardly  one  of  the  great  writers  of  antiquity  of  whose 
life  we  possess  any  authentic  contemporaneous  record,  and 
the  brief  and  brilliant  existence  of  Catullus  offers  no 
exception  to  the  rule.  Indeed,  it  was  by  the  merest  accident 
that  the  Veronese  poet  did  not  become  a  name  as  vague  and 
shadowy  as  Menander,  Sappho,  or  Alcaeus.  One  single  manu- 
script of  his  works  survived  the  devastation  of  the  barbarian 
conquest,  and  was  discovered  in  a  mutilated  state  in  the 
fourteenth  century.  It  is  curious  to  reflect  how  nearly  a  great 
genius  had  perished  out  of  the  world,  and  it  is  a  striking  proof 
of  the  barbarism  which  followed  on  the  ruin  of  the  Western 
Empire,  that  a  poet  so  well  known  and  quoted  as  Catullus 
had  been  by  all  the  later  Roman  writers,  should  have  been 
virtually  forgotten  for  nearly  ten  centuries.  The  only  sources 
from  which  his  individual  history  can  be  constructed  are  his 
poems,  and  a  few  meagre  notices  in  the  writings  of  Suetonius, 
Cicero,  Pliny,  and  Appuleius.  His  praenomen  is  said  by 
Appuleius  to  have  beei^  Caius,  and  by  Pliny  he  is  spoken  of 
as  Quintus,  but  it  appears  nearly  certain  that  the  former 
appellation  is  the  correct  one. 

He  was  bom,  according  to  the  Eusebian  Chronicle,  in  87 
B.C.,  and  died  in  57  B.C.  That  the  second  of  these  dates  is 
erroneous  is  clearly  shown  by  the  fact  that  in  Carmen  cxiii. 


XIV 


Introduction, 


he  speaks  of  Pompeius'  second  consulship,  which  did  not 
take  place  till  b.c.  55,  and  in  Carmina  xi.  and  xxix.  he 
mentions  Caesar's  invasion  of  Britain,  which  happened  in  B.C. 
55-54.  Also  in  Carmen  liii.  he  refers  to  the  speech  of 
Licinius  Calvus  against  Vatinius,  which  was  delivered  in 
opposition  to  Cicero's  advocacy  in  B.C.  54.  No  political 
event  of  any  date  subsequent  to  this  is  mentioned  in  his 
poems,  if  we  except  the  words  in  Carmen  lii  *  Per  consula- 
tum  pejerat  Vatinius,'  but  it  has  been  plausibly  conjectured 
that  this  passage  refers  not  to  Vatinius'  actual  consulship, 
which  took  place  in  B.C.  47,  but  to  the  habit  that  worthy  is 
said  by  Cicero  to  have  had  of  swearing  by  his  future  consul- 
ship ;  an  oath  by  no  means  a  piece  of  simple  bombast  when 
a  man  had  attained  a  rank  which  would  naturally  culminate  in 
the  highest  honours.  It  is  certain,  at  all  events,  that  Catullus 
died  young,  as  is  shown  by  a  passage  in  Ovid's  Amores, 

"  Obvius  huic  venias  hedera  juvenilia  cinctus 
Tempora  cum  Calvo,  docte  Catulle  tuo," 

for  a  man  much  over  thirty  was  not  usually  regarded  as 
*  juvenis.'  It  seems,  then,  probable  on  the  whole  either  that 
Catullus  died  three  years  later  than  the  date  given  by  Jerome 
in  the  Eusebian  Chronicle,  and  so  was  thirty-three  at  the 
time  of  his  death,  or  if  Jerome's  statement  that  he  died  at 
the  age  of  thirty  must  be  accepted,  the  dates  both  of  his 
birth  and  death  must  be  put  forward  three  years.  Either 
view  would  agree  with  the  assertion  of  Cornelius  Nepos  who 


hitroduction. 


XV 


mentions  him  as  a  contemporary  of  Lucretius,  who  died  or 
committed  suicide  in  b.c.  50. 

Catullus  was  bom  at  Verona,  of  a  good  family,  and  his  father 
was  the  friend  and  host  of  Julius  Caesar,  which  shows  that  he 
must  have  been  a  citizen  of  considerable  local  importance. 
The  son,  either  sent  there  for  his  education  or  impelled  pos- 
sibly by  the  same  strong  passion  for  a  larger  sphere  of  life 
which  drove  Shakspere  to  London,  took  up  his  abode  at 
Rome  at  an  early  age,  and  for  the  rest  of  his  life  always 
regarded  Rome  as  his  head-quarters.  He  did  not  indeed 
totally  abandon  Verona.  His  circle  of  acquaintance  there  seems 
to  have  been  considerable,  and  he  probably  not  unfrequently 
retired  to  his  native  place,  for  change  of  air,  or  to  visit  some 
of  the  Veronese  beauties  who  appear  to  have  captivated  his 
fancy.  But  he  always  looked  upon  Rome  as  his  home  from 
the  day  when  he  first  entered  the  city,  no  doubt  with  good 
introductions,  a  well-replenished  purse,  a  handsome  person 
and  that  indescribable  fascination  which  early  genius  exercises 
on  all  with  whom  it  comes  in  contact,  and  plunged  into  all 
the  dissipation  of  the  gay  society  of  the  day.  He  must 
emphatically  have  been  a  youth  to  whom  was  given 

*  So  much  of  earth,  so  much  of  heaven, 

And  such  imperious  blood,'  ' 

and  his  own  words  bear  out  this  impression.  *  Multa  satis 
lusi '  he  says  of  himself  when  the  white  robe  was  first  con- 
ferred upon  him,  and  there  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  his 


i 


I 


XIV 


Inl7^oduction. 


he  speaks  of  Pompeius*  second  consulship,  which  did  not 
take  place  till  b.c.  55,  and  in  Carmina  xi.  and  xxix.  he 
mentions  Caesar's  invasion  of  Britain,  which  happened  in  B.C. 
55-54.  Also  in  Carmen  liii.  he  refers  to  the  speech  of 
Licinius  Calvus  against  Vatinius,  which  was  delivered  in 
opposition  to  Cicero's  advocacy  in  b.c.  54.  No  political 
event  of  any  date  subsequent  to  this  is  mentioned  in  his 
poems,  if  we  except  the  words  in  Carmen  lii  '  Per  consula- 
tum  pejerat  Vatinius,'  but  it  has  been  plausibly  conjectured 
that  this  passage  refers  not  to  Vatinius'  actual  consulship, 
which  took  place  in  B.C.  47,  but  to  the  habit  that  worthy  is 
said  by  Cicero  to  have  had  of  swearing  by  his  future  consul- 
ship ;  an  oath  by  no  means  a  piece  of  simple  bombast  when 
a  man  had  attained  a  rank  which  would  naturally  culminate  in 
the  highest  honours.  It  is  certain,  at  all  events,  that  Catullus 
died  young,  as  is  shown  by  a  passage  in  Ovid's  Amores, 

"Obvius  huic  venias  hedera  juvenilia  cinctus 
Tempora  cum  Calvo,  docte  CatuUe  tuo," 

for  a  man  much  over  thirty  was  not  usually  regarded  as 
*  juvenis.'  It  seems,  then,  probable  on  the  whole  either  that 
Catullus  died  three  years  later  than  the  date  given  by  Jerome 
in  the  Eusebian  Chronicle,  and  so  was  thirty-three  at  the 
time  of  his  death,  or  if  Jerome's  statement  that  he  died  at 
the  age  of  thirty  must  be  accepted,  the  dates  both  of  his 
birth  and  death  must  be  put  forward  three  years.  Either 
view  would  agree  with  the  assertion  of  Cornelius  Nepos  who 


Introduction. 


XV 


mentions  him  as  a  contemporary  of  Lucretius,  who  died  or 
committed  suicide  in  b.c.  50. 

Catullus  was  bom  at  Verona,  of  a  good  family,  and  his  father 
was  the  friend  and  host  of  Julius  Caesar,  which  shows  that  he 
must  have  been  a  citizen  of  considerable  local  importance. 
The  son,  either  sent  there  for  his  education  or  impelled  pos- 
sibly by  the  same  strong  passion  for  a  larger  sphere  of  life 
which  drove  Shakspere  to  London,  took  up  his  abode  at 
Rome  at  an  early  age,  and  for  the  rest  of  his  life  always 
regarded  Rome  as  his  head-quarters.  He  did  not  indeed 
totally  abandon  Verona.  His  circle  of  acquaintance  there  seems 
to  have  been  considerable,  and  he  probably  not  unfrequently 
retired  to  his  native  place,  for  change  of  air,  or  to  visit  some 
of  the  Veronese  beauties  who  appear  to  have  captivated  his 
fancy.  But  he  always  looked  upon  Rome  as  his  home  from 
the  day  when  he  first  entered  the  city,  no  doubt  with  good 
introductions,  a  well-replenished  purse,  a  handsome  person 
and  that  indescribable  fascination  which  early  genius  exercises 
on  all  with  whom  it  comes  in  contact,  and  plunged  into  all 
the  dissipation  of  the  gay  society  of  the  day.  He  must 
emphatically  have  been  a  youth  to  whom  was  given 

*  So  much  of  earth,  so  much  of  heaven, 

And  such  imperious  blood,'  ' 

and  his  own  words  bear  out  this  impression.  *  Multa  satis 
lusi '  he  says  of  himself  when  the  white  robe  was  first  con- 
ferred upon  him,  and  there  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  his 


!/// 


XVI 


Introduction, 


Introduction, 


xvu 


pleasures  were  restrained  by  any  slendemess  of  means,  and 
certainly  not  by  any  stem  philosophical  contempt  for  those 
enjoyments  to  which  the  '  fervida  juventus  *  of  all  ages  has 
recklessly  abandoned  itself.  There  are,  indeed,  allusions  in 
his  poems  which  might  imply  that  his  finances  were  not  always 
in  the  most  flourishing  condition,  but  most  of  them  refer 
humorously  to  his  failure  to  make  a  fortune  out  of  his 
journey  to  Bithynia,  and  the  point  of  one  of  the  epigrams 
which  has  been  relied  upon  to  prove  his  poverty,  depends  on  a 
disputed  reading,  '  vestra '  for  *  nostra,'  a  change  which  would 
of  course  totally  alter  the  conclusion  to  be  drawn  from  it. 

That  he  cannot  have  been  in  distressed  circumstances  is 
proved  by  the  fact  that  he  possessed  a  house  at  Rome,  a 
farm  at  Tibur,  or  in  Sabine  territory,  and  a  villa  at  Sirmio, 
and  this  is  sufiicient   to   outweigh  any  presumption  which 
might  be  drawn  from  his  allusion  to  the  cobwebs  in  his  purse, 
in  the  *  Invitation  to  Fabullus,'  or  his  humorous  account  of 
his  crazy  truckle  bed,  and  lack  of  litter-bearers.     Many  men 
who  have  never  felt  the  real  sting  of  want  have  jested  about 
the  pressure  of  poverty,  and  though  Catullus  mingled  in  the 
best  and  the  worst  society  of  the  day,  and  was  a  patron  of 
such  dealers  in  *  wholesome  iniquities'  as  the  worthy  Silo 
there  is  nothing  to  show  that  anything  approaching  to  real 
destitution   either  prompted   or  resulted  from  his    unlucky 
expedition  in  the  suite  of  Memmius.     It  must  have  been 
during  his  first  residence  at  Rome  that  he  became  acquainted 


with  the  Lesbia  whom  he  has  rendered  immortal  in  his  verse, 
and  this  permanent  amour,  coupled  with  his  association  with 
such  eminent  men  as  Cicero,  Cornelius  Nepos,  Licinius 
Calvus,  and  Asinius  PoUio,  must  have  prevented  him  from 
sinking  into  the  merely  vulgar  debauchee,  which  some 
accounts  aim  at  representing  him  to  have  been.  However,  as 
his  waste,  like  that  of  Falstaff,  was  great,  some  slight  re- 
plenishment of  his  fortunes  was  considered  advisable,  and 
he  consequently  took  the  opportunity  of  restoring  fulness  to 
his  purse  from  the  spoils  of  the  provinces— a  by  no  means 
uncommon  resource  of  needy  young  Romans-— and  left  for 
Asia  in  the  train  of  Memmius. 

It  has  been  generally  assumed  that  his  brother's  death  pre- 
ceded  this  visit  to  Bithynia,  and  that  Carmen  ci.  comme- 
morated a  visit  paid  to  his  brother's  grave  while  on  his  way 
thither.  That  this  conjecture  must  be  wrong  has  been  clearly 
shown  by  Professor  Ramsay  and  Mr  Martin,  who  observe  that 
the  fact  of  this  great  loss  not  being  alluded  to  in  the  poems 
which  treat  of  his  return  from  Asia  is  fatal  to  the  supposition 
that  his  brother's  death  preceded  his  first  departure  from  Rome. 
It  was  therefore  with  all  the  buoyancy  of  youth  that  he  started 
with  his  band  of  friends  to  seek  unknown  regions,  and  there 
is  an  air  of  levity  thrown  over  his  otherwise  bitter  parting 
address  to  Lesbia  who  had  already  given  him  cause  for  uneasi- 
ness by  the  increasing  vagrancy  of  her  amours.  But  life  is  one 
perpetual  series  of  '  illusions  dissipees,'  and  Catullus  returned 


XVlll 


Introduction, 


Introduction. 


XIX 


V 


to  Rome  after  a  year's  absence  with  a  mind  enlarged  by  travel, 
and  contact  with  other  forms  of  civilization,  and  with  health 
probably  braced  up  by  his  adventurous  solitary  voyage  in  his 
own  yacht  from  Rhodes  to  Sirmio,  but  with  the  melancholy 
conviction  that  a  fortune  was  not  to  be  made  out  of  the 
hapless  provincials  as  rapidly  as  he  anticipated.  Indeed,  it 
appears  that  what  Anglo-Indians  of  a  past  generation  used 
to  call  the  pagoda-tree  had  been  very  considerably  shaken 
before  Catullus  arrived  in  Bithynia,  and  owing  to  the  increased 
strictness  on  the  subject  introduced  by  Pompey,  or  perhaps 
owing  to  his  own  high  principle,  Memmius  neither  pilfered 
himself  nor  allowed  his  suite  to  do  so,  so  that  they  all  returned 
worse  off  than  when  they  started. 

This  conduct  of  Memmius,  which,  indeed,  to  our  modem 
ideas  of  duty  towards  subject  races  only  implies  simple 
honesty, — though  such  was  the  laxity  of  opinion  at  that  time 
that  it  must  be  taken  as  showing  a  much  higher  moral 
standard  in  him— was  made  the  subject  of  bitter  reproach  on 
the  part  of  the  poet,  though  on  what  grounds  except  purely 
selfish  ones  it  is  difficult  to  discover.  It  is  curious  to  compare 
the  bitterness  expressed  by  Catullus  against  Memmius  with 
the  respect  shown  for  him  by  Lucretius,  and  to  our  calmer 
judgments  the  fact  that  he  did  not  allow  Catullus  to  plunder 
the  wretched  Bithynians  would  rather  tend  to  justify  Lucretius' 
high  opinion.  In  all  Catullus'  violent  attacks  upon  in- 
dividuals, as  also  in  all  personal  diatribes  which  the  fame  of 


their  authors  has  preserved,  it  is  as  well  to  remember  that 
we  are  from  the  very  nature  of  the  case  debarred  from  forming 
an  impartial  judgment  on  the  question  at  issue.  I  have 
often  thought  that  if  the  '  witless  Perses '  had  been  articulate, 
future  ages  might  have  chuckled  over  his  sarcastic  account  of 
Hesiod's  notion  of  business,  and  if  the  many  other  victims  of 
the  divine  wrath  of  bards  could  speak  in  their  own  defence, 
our  sympathy  with  the  poet's  indignation  would  often  have 
to  undergo  considerable  modification. 

However,  Catullus  may  be  excused  if  he  failed  to  view  his 
disappointment  from  any  but  a  strictly  subjective  stand-point, 
though  the  charms  of  a  tour  through  the  famous  cities  of  Asia, 
and  his  delight  at  reaching  his  lovely  Sirmio  at  last,  may  have 
done  much  towards  reconciling  him  to  his  ill-luck,  so  that  he 
could  bear  to  speak  of  it  in  jesting  terms.     The  value  of  such 
an  experience  as  the  journey  was  to  him  can  hardly  be  over- 
rated, a  great  part  of  the  force  and  vividness  of  his  descriptions 
of  sea  and  land  must  be  attributed  to  the  opportunities  he 
enjoyed  of  seeing  Nature  under  her  most  lovely  aspect  in 
the  ^gean  Sea ;  the  delicate  light,  the  XoLfiir^oraroi  aldri^  over 
the  hill-tops  and  groves,  the  dark  wine-coloured  depths  of 
the  sea,  which  strike  the  traveller  in  the  Archipelago  with  a 
sense  of  Homer's  accuracy  as  a  word-painter,  and  the  divine 
nights    under    the    *  earnest'    stars    or    radiant    moon— all 
these  he  must  have  viewed  with  a  keen  and  exquisite  delight, 
and    have  sought  to   embody  in  the    charming  landscape 


XX 


Introduction, 


Introduction, 


XXI 


I 


sketches  of  the  Peleus  and  Thetis.  Far  different  was  his 
next  voyage  to  the  fatal  Troad  to  pay  the  last  rites  on  the 
tomb  of  his  brother,  a  journey  which  he  undertook  for  that 
express  purpose.  The  great  grief  caused  by  his  brother's 
death,  and  his  own  hopeless  devotion  to  Lesbia,  which  only 
succumbed  at  last  to  her  outrageous  infidelities,  and  subsequent 
open  degradation,  are  the  two  great  passions  which  most 
deeply  influenced  Catullus'  short  and  ardent  life,  and  form 
the  key-notes  of  the  thrill  of  ecstasy  and  despair  which  vibrate 
through  so  many  of  his  poems. 

*  Die  Geschichte  des  Menschen,'  says  Goethe,  *  ist  sein 
charakter,'  and  if  this  be  true— as  it  is,  if  we  take  character  to 
mean  that  development  of  particular  parts  of  a  man's  nature 
which  is  necessarily  induced  by  circumstances — these  two 
strong  emotions  must  be  regarded  as  the  points  on  which  the 
history  of  Catullus  turns,  and  which  more  than  any  other  influ- 
ences modified  his  personality.  Of  the  brother  whose  loss  he 
deplores  we  know  nothing  beyond  what  we  read  in  the  text;  but 
the  almost  overpowering  grief  his  death  occasioned  lies  as  an 
under-current  in  many  of  Catullus'  most  beautiful  poems,  and 
forms  the  direct  subject  of  his  epistle  to  Hortalus,  and  lines 
on  his  brother's  grave.  It  is  probable  that  this  blow,  coupled 
with  the  loss  of  Lesbia's  love,  had  the  effect  of  shortening  the  life 
of  the  gifted  singer.  To  natures  like  his  such  strokes  of  bitter 
fortune  become  really  mortal  wounds,  and  although  Dr 
Johnson's  washerwoman  would  not  have  sobbed  herself  to 


death  for  such  a  reason,  the  tender  and  sensitive  nature 
of  Catullus  may  well  have  sunk  under  this  accumulation 
of  ills.  The  loss  of  Lesbia's  love  was  also  attended  by 
many  emotions  which  would  render  such  an  abandonment 
especially  difficult  to  bear.'  Frantic  jealousy,  contempt  of 
himself  for  being  led  astray  by  a  being  so  completely 
worthless,  and  mingled  scorn  and  pity  for  the  notorious 
object  of  his  wasted  affections,  all  these  must  have  added 
a  poignancy  to  the  pangs  following  on  the  dissolution 
of  a  passion  which  had  grown  with  years. 

Lesbia's  real  name  is  stated  by  Appuleius  to  have  been 
Clodia,  and  critics  appear  to  be  satisfied  that  this  fascinating 
enchantress,  this  embodiment  of  all  grace  and  voluptuousness 
was  the  notorious  Clodia  rendered  famous,  or  rather 
infamous,  by  Cicero's  invective  in  the  oration  Pro  Ccelio. 
This  conclusion  seems  to  have  been  drawn  mainly  from  the 
impossibility  of  applying  to  any  one  else  of  that  age  whose 
name  has  descended  to  posterity,  the  circumstances  which  are 
told  of  the  life  of  Lesbia,  a  chain  of  reasoning  as  conclusive  as 
that  which  identifies  Sir  Philip  Francis  with  the  author  of  the 
'  Letters  of  Junius ' ;  and  the  only  serious  argument  that  can 
be  adduced  against  this  view  is  that  drawn  from  Carmen 
xlix,  in  which  Catullus  pronounces  a  panegyric  on  Cicero 
which,  it  is  urged,  he  would  scarcely  have  done  if  the  orator 
had  been  the  instrument  of  showing  up  to  the  world  the 
degradation  of  his  mistress.     But  besides  the  fact  that  there 


XXll 


Introduction, 


Introduction, 


XXlll 


is  no  evidence  to  show  conclusively  that  the  address  to 
Cicero  was  written  after  the  delivery  of  the  oration  Pro  Coelio, 
there  is  nothing  intrinsically  improbable  in  the  supposition 
that  Cicero's  scathing  invective  against  Clodia  may  have 
almost  gratified  the  vindictive  feelings  of  the  poet ;  for 
though  through  his  poems  there  is  the  deep  regret  for  vanished 
joy,  anger  at  desertion,  and  a  keen  perception  of  the  shame 
into  which  his  mistress  has  sunk,  there  is  nothing  approaching 
to  that  horror  at  the  soiling  of  womanhood  implied  in  such  a 
degradation,  nothing  approaching  that  divine  pity  for  sin, 
embodying  a  train  of  chivalrous  sentiment  which  it  was  the 
peculiar  mission  of  the  Christian  religion  to  introduce 
into  our  higher  morality. 

The  anger  which  vented  itself  in  coarse  and  bitter  re- 
proaches at  Lesbians  fall  may  well  have  found  a  fitting  echo 
in  Cicero's  vigorous  language,  and  under  the  influence  of  such 
feelings  possibly  Carmen  xlix.  may  have  been  composed.  At 
all  events,  it  is  certain  from  the  poems  that  Lesbia,  when 
Catullus  first  met  her,  was  a  married  woman  of  fair  reputation, 
and  that  if  she  was  the  wife  of  Metellus  Celer,  her  rank  and 
position  were  such  as  to  make  the  intrigue  hazardous ;  that 
she  subsequently  indulged  her  passion  with  an  increasing 
number  of  lovers,  and  at  length  became  a  woman  of  notori- 
ously licentious  character ;  that  she  lay  under  a  suspicion  of 
incest  with  her  brother;  and  that  she  was  a  woman  of  rare  and 
extraordinary  beauty  and  fascination  ;  all  which  points,  as  we 


.1 


learn  from  Cicero,  can  be  affirmed  with  certainty  about  Clodia. 
Besides  which  Coelius  Rufus  was  confessedly  one  of  Clodia's 
lovers,  and  a  Rufus  is  reviled  for  betraying  the  poet's  friend- 
ship, and  supplanting  him  in  his  love,  and  Cicero's  description 
of  her  as  "Yipa.  BoZvig  would  seem  to  explain  the  constant  allu- 
sions to  Jupiter  which  are  found  in  the  verses  devoted  to  her. 
It  may  also  be  added  that  the  number  of  letters  in  each  name 
is  the  same,  following  the  rule  laid  down  by  the  old  gram- 
marians for  the  formation  of  such  pseudonyms. 

We  may,  therefore,  on  the  whole  assume  the  identity  of 
Lesbia  with  the  Clodia  whose  course  of  life,  her  *  libidines, 
amores,  adultera,  Baiis  acta  convivia,'  and  other  licentious 
dissipations,  are  so  graphically  described  by  Cicero ;  and  it  can 
hardly  be  denied  that  the  extent  and  variety  of  her  scandalous 
pleasures  were  enough  to  disgust  any  lover,  however  much  he 
might,  like  Catullus,  object  on  principle  to  exhibitions  of 
jealousy.  So  we  are  brought  face  to  face  with  the  pathetic 
J^pectacle  of  genuine  love  wasted  on  an  unworthy  object, 
followed  by  a  gradual  awakening  to  the  perception  of  the 
worthlessness  of  the  idol,  and  eventually  by  the  despairing 
renunciation— a  renunciation  which  seems  to  tear  the  very 
heart-strings— of  a  love  which  had  passed  away,  and  lost 
itself  in  the  mire  of  shameless  and  unbridled  profligacy. 

Catullus'  love,  says  M.  Couat  in  his  admirable  essay,  was 
not  a  mere  physical  passion,  nor  yet  a  mystical  adoration  of 
beauty  in  the  Platonic   sense,   nor  a  matter  of  taste  and 


if 


XXIV 


Introduction, 


Introduction. 


XXV 


elegance  as  in  the  Alexandrian  writers,  but  all  these  together 
blended  with  a  strong  human  element.  *Ce  n'est  pas 
4  Phddre,  languissante,  consum^e,  proie  deplorable  de  Vdnus, 
ce  n'est  pas  I'amoureux  de  Lucr^ce  couvrant  de  fleurs  et 
usant  de  baisers  une  poste  muette,  insensible  k  tout,  n'ecoutant 
que  la  fougue  du  desk,  et  la  revolte  du  sang  dans  ses  veines, 
encore  moins  est  ce  un  litterateur  en  quete  de  formes 
gracieuses  et  d'images  poetiques;  c'est  un  coeur  bless^ 
heureux  de  sa  blessure,'  and  it  is  precisely  this  strongly 
marked  human  characteristic  which  gives  it  all  its  pathos. 

The  steps  in  the  process  of  disenchantment,  the  mingled 
throbs  of  love  and  hate,  temporary  joy  at  a  brief  reconcilia- 
tion followed  by  anger  at  some  fresh  slight  or  infidelity, 
despairing  faith  trying  to  bear  up  against  cruel  certainty,  the 
resolution  to  have  done  with  his  passion  vanishing  again  in 
weak  submission  to  the  irresistible  spell,  and  the  last  bitter 
scorn  of  the  heartless  woman  who  has  descended  into  the  very 
abyss  of  infamy — all  these  are  brought  vividly  before  us  in 
the  magic  verse  of  Catullus,  and  form  a  panorama  of  heart- 
experience  such  as  has  been  rarely  presented  to  the  world. 
Passion  so  true  and  lasting,  though  the  sensual  side  of  it 
appears  to  have  been  very  strong,  could  only  have  been 
inspired  in  so  rare  a  nature  as  that  of  Catullus  by  a  person- 
ality of  great  potency,  and  what  Goethe  called  *  demonism,' 
and  we  can  picture  to  ourselves  Clodia  as  a  kind  of 
exaggerated   Madame    de  Warens,   *  insatiable   of  love,'  as 


\ 


M.  Couat  puts  it,  *  and  almost  incapable  of  loving,'  constitu- 
tionally unchaste,  and  yet  one  whose  want  of  chastity  has  not 
the  effect  it  has  in  so  many  of  destroying  qualities  which 
fascinate  by  their  perfect  womanly  charm.  At  all  events  her 
fascinations  were  sufficient  to  retain  the  poet  in  complete 
bondage,  for  there  is  not  a  trace  of  evidence  to  show  that  her 
unfaithfulness  excused  itself  or  was  suggested  by  correspond- 
ing infidelities  on  his  part,  nor  does  he,  as  Propertius 
frequently  does,  endeavour  to  appease  jealousy  on  the  part 
of  his  mistress. 

The  other  women  he  addresses,  such  as  Aufilena, 
Ipsithilla  and  others,  seem  to  have  been  the  objects  of 
merely  casual  amours,  and  not  to  have  influenced  his  life 
in  any  way;  no  thought  of  them  as  capable  of  affording 
consolation  to  his  desolate  state,  after  the  loss  of  Lesbia,  ever 
seemed  to  occur  to  him  :  he  has  lived  and  loved,  and  his  love 
has  been  to  him  a  mortal  wound.  It  is  instructive  to  notice 
the  characteristic  difference  between  his  feelings  and  those  of 
Horace  under  similar  circumstances.  The  easy,  philosophi- 
cal, and  more  superficial  nature  of  the  brilliant  Augustan 
poet  assumes  as  a  natural  consequence  that  it  will  be 
necessary  to  have  recourse  to  a  less  faithless  maid  to  console 
him  for  his  disappointment,  and  contemplates  calmly  the 
probability  of  his  rival  and  successor  being  deserted  in  a 
similar  fashion  when  the  brief  fancy  of  the  volatile  beauty 
has  passed.     Such  matter-of-fact  reflections  were  totally  alien 

B 


XXVI 


Introduction, 


to  the  sensitive  and  passionate  mind  of  Catullus,  as  is  also 
the  cold-blooded  strain  of  savage  irony  with  which  Horace 
triumphs  over  the  decayed  charms  and  vanished  loveliness  of 
Lyce.  For  Catullus  no  consolation  remains  but  death,  and 
some  faint  solace  derived  from  the  reflection  that  at  all  events 
he  has  not  to  reproach  himself  with  any  want  of  tenderness 
on  his  part,  his  'pietas'  must  surely  be  appreciated  by  the 
all-seeing  gods. 
J  This,  by  the  way,  is  almost  the  only  passage  in  Catullus 
which  shows  any  serious  conviction  of  the  existence  of  a  pro- 
vidence. His  sensuous  and  vivid  nature  seems  to  have  found 
ample  food  in  the  phenomena  of  the  world,  and  the  pleasures 
of  life  as  he  actually  found  them,  and  he  seems,  like  Goethe, 
though  from  different  impelling  motives,  to  have  regarded  the 
problem  of  a  future  life  as  practically  insoluble  and  not  worthy 
of  our  attention.  Pure  agnosticism  may  be  said  to  have  been 
his  creed,  if,  indeed,  he  can  be  said  to  have  had  any  creed  at 
all,  and  there  are  passages  in  favour  of  making  the  most  of  the 
fleeting  hour  which  might  have  been  penned  by  that  much 
deeper  and  more  earnest  thinker  Omar  Khayyam,  the 
astronomer-poet  of  Persia,  in  the  flippancy  of  scorn  against 
the  futile  doctrines  of  *  the  saints  and  sages  who  discussed  of 
the  two  worlds  so  learnedly.'  Possibly  the  scepticism  of  his 
great  contemporary  Lucretius  may  have  infected  him,  and  his 
ardent  and  joyous  mind  may  have  interpreted  Lucretius' 
speculations  as  conveying  the  undeniable  moral  that  at  all 


Introduction. 


xxvii 


I 


events  the  present  life  is  something  positive,  and  that  as 
much  as  possible  should  be  extracted  from  it  before  the 
endless  night  of  death  weighs  on  our  eyes.  This  is  a  theory 
of  life  admirably  suited  to  sensuous  natures,  and  possesses 
the  great  advantage,  shared,  indeed,  by  every  other  theory 
of  life,  of  being  absolutely  unassailable  by  any  verbal  argu- 
ment. 

Detailed    criticism     on    the    poems    of    Catullus    would 
obviously  be  out  of  place  within  the  limits  of  a  preface,  but 
it  is  well  to  mark  the  historical  position  of  every  great  writer, 
and  ascertain  as  far  as  possible  the  conditions  of  the  age 
which  gave  him   birth.      In   the   case  of   Catullus   this   is 
peculiarly  difficult,   owing  to    the  fact    that  all  the  works 
produced  during  the  generation  immediately  preceding  his 
lifetime  have  disappeared  by  the  ravages,  of  time.     Whether 
anything  of  real  literary  merit  has  thus  vanished  may  indeed 
be  an  open  question,  but  it  would  be  of  great  assistance  in 
estimating  the  character  of  the  literature  of  the  last  days  of 
the  Republic  if  we  could  restore  the  missing  links  of  the 
golden  chain    of  inspiration  which   an   unfortunate    chance 
has  hidden   for   ever  from    our  critical  eyes.      It  may  be 
stated,  broadly,  that  the  great  outburst  of  literary  activity 
which  culminated   in  the   glories  of  the   Augustan  period, 
was  produced   by  the   revelation   of   the   Greek  world    of 
thought  to  the  enthusiastic  and  receptive  minds  of  Roman 
men  of  genius,  a  revelation  akin  in  its  effects  to  that  which 


r 


xxviu 


Introduction, 


followed  on  the  re-discovery  of  classical  literature  at  the 
time  of  the  Renaissance.  No  purely  native  literature  of 
any  value  probably  ever  existed  in  Italy,  and  the  few 
remains  we  possess  of  Naevius,  and  the  few  songs  in  the 
Satumian  metre  do  not  convey  the  idea  of  excellence  either 
m  form  or  matter,  and  appear  fully  to  merit  the  contempt 
bestowed  upon  them  by  Ennius. 

The  only  really  original  department  of  Roman  literature 
is   the   Satire— 'Satira,'   says   Quintilian,    'tota   nostra  est' 
—but  it  may  be  doubted  whether  this  was  anything  more 
than  one  stage  in  the  process  of  development  by  continuous 
differentiation,  which  from  the  Greek  drama  or  the  Hebrew 
song  has  jDroduced  forms  so  widely  distinct  as  the  modem 
play,  the  novel  and  the  newspaper.     Roman  satire  was  really 
embodied  in  the  Greek  comedy,  and  it  was  nothing  but  the  dis- 
taste for  purely  dramatic  representation,  which  distinguished 
the  common  people  at  Rome,  that  led  to  the  abnormal  de- 
velopment of  that   side  of  the  drama,  which  was  instinc- 
tively felt  to  be  essential  to  a  healthy  national  existence. 
Livius  Andronicus,  who  may  be  regarded  as  the  father  of 
Roman  culture,  brought  out  his  first  drama,  translated  from 
the  Greek,  in  b.c.  240,  and  from  that  time  the  influence  of 
those  immortal  models  was  never  seriously  shaken.     Ennius 
represented  the  highest  embodiment  of  genius  and  culture  of 
his  day ;  the  divine  spark  was  handed  on  to  Pacuvius  and 
Attius,  but  nothing  intervenes  to  mark  the  gradual  develop- 


Introduction. 


XXIX 


V^ 


ment  of  literary  form  between  Terence  and  Catullus,  except  a 
fragment   of    Cicero's    'Aratea,'    a    production   of   absolute 
worthlessness.     Matius,  Lsvius,  and  Furius  are  unfortunately 
to  our  ears  only  names,  but  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the 
age  was  distinguished  by  an  increased  study  of  Greek  models, 
and  an  increased  attention  to  the  niceties  and  rhythm  of 
language.     Catullus,  who  may  be  regarded,  both   from  the 
philological  and  literary  point  of  view,  as  standing  half-way 
between  the  old  writers  and    the    classical  school  of  the 
Augustan  period,  was  bom  when  this  tendency  was  at  its    / 
height,   and  numerous  traces  appear  in  his  poems  of  the  ^ 
potent   influence   exercised  over  his  genius   by  the  Greek 
and  especially  the  Alexandrian  poets.     Probably  his  earliest 
productions  were  translations  from  Greek  originals.     Sappho's 
Ode,  Carmen  li.,  and  the  Coma   Berenices  certainly  were, 
and  however  highly  we  may  rate  the  former,  the  latter  is  not,' 
as  far  as  we  can  judge,  a  translation  of  a  very  high  order 
or  perfect  accuracy.     Callimachus,  though  perhaps  not  a  man 
of  great  genius,  appears  to  have  been  a  perfect  master  of  form, 
if  we  may  estimate  his  general  style  from  the  fragments  which 
exist,  and  there  are  passages  in  the  Coma  Berenices  of  very 
unequal  merit. 

It  is  somewhat  singular  to  observe  the  admiration  bestowed 
on  Callimachus  by  a  writer  who  was  really  gifted  with  more 
original  creative  power;  but  modem  parallels  may  be  found  in 
the  veneration  Bums  expressed  for  Shenstone,  and  Byron  for 


i 


II  t 


ii 


XXX 


Introduction, 


Pope,  and  it  is  probable  that  in  each  case  the  fascination  lay 
in  the  charm  which  the  first  introduction  to  perfect  work- 
manship would  naturally  exercise   over  minds  conscious   of 
great  thoughts,  and  striving  to  find  adequate  expression  for 
them.     Besides  which  it  is  difficult  to  escape  the  effect  of  early 
training,  and  the  culture  of  that  day  was  essentially  Alexan- 
drian.    *The  Alexandrian  poems,'  says  Mommsen,   'took  a 
prominent  place  in  Italian  scholastic  instruction,  especially  as 
trial  themes,  and  certainly  promoted  knowledge,  though  at  the 
expense  of  taste  and  discretion/     It  was,  therefore,  difficult 
for   Catullus  to  have  begun   otherwise  than   he  did,   and, 
perhaps,  to  a  genius  of  such  originality  as  his,  not  much  harm 
was  done  by  the  inculcation  of  literary  canons  which  in  some 
instances  had  degenerated  into  frivohty.      *  Alexandrinisme/ 
'  to  quote  M.  Couat  again,  '  signifie  I'absence  de  sincerity  dans 
la  podsie,  la  preoccupation  exclusive  de  la  forme,  ce  qu'on 
pourrait  appeler  en  un  certain  sens  selon  un  mot  cele'bre,  *  Tart 
pour  Tart'      Such  a  school,  represented  by  men  ungifted  with 
real  power,  would  naturally  develop  into  Euphuistic  pedantry, 
but   Catullus'    strong    masculine    sense  and    keen   eye    for 
natural  beauty  prevented  him  from  becoming  a  mere  manu- 
facturer of  literary  conceits. 

As  Mommsen  puts  it,  'though  his  poems  lead  us  alter- 
nately to  the  valley  of  the  Nile  and  the  Po,  he  is  incom- 
parably more  at  home  in  the  latter,'  and  his  essentially 
Roman  genius  also  tended  to  preserve    him    from    being 


I 


A 


Introdtcction, 


XXX 


simply  an  imitator  of  Greek  expression,   though  Horace's 
sneer— a    most    unworthy    exhibition    of  jealousy  —  would 
seem  to  show  that  he,  at  all  events,  professed  to  regard 
Catullus  as  a  pedant,  deficient  in  what  was  really  his  strongest 
point,  spontaneity.     But  it  is  possible  that  he  was  selected  by 
Horace  as   the  most   conspicuous   of  an   intolerably  verse- 
making    age,   to    which    the    'Scribimus   indocti,    doctique 
poemata  passim'  could  be  applied  with  almost  more  truth 
than   to   the  Augustan    period,   and  that  the  sarcasm   was 
levelled  rather  at  the  literary  epoch  than  at  the  individual. 
But  it  is  not  only  in  the  choice  of  subjects,  in  the  measure, 
and   in   the  forms  of  expression,  that  Catullus  betrays   the 
strong  influence    exercised   over    him    by   the  Alexandrian 
school,  it  is  also  visible  in  the  direction  of  sentiment.     The 
minute  analysis  of  the  phenomena  of  love,  and  the  current 
of  paiderastic    emotion    which   was    emphatically    repellent 
to  the   Romans   even  of  that  age,  had    been   largely  em- 
bodied  in  the  works  of  Theocritus,  Phanocles,  ApoUonius, 
and  other  Alexandrians,  and  the  latter  form  of  passion  had 
received  almost   an    idealization  from  the  tender  vein    of 
sentiment  with  which  it  had  been  associated. 

But  after  all,  though  we  may  trace  Alexandrian  and 
earlier  Greek  influences  in  Catullus'  works,  none  the  less 
does  he  remain  a__^eat^^nginal_4iQet.  For  herein  does 
the  originality  of  a  poet  consist,  that  he  can  assimilate  the 
materials  and   forms  left   by  other  ages   and   other  races, 


XXXll 


Introduction. 


ilrf 


and  fuse  them  into  the  perfect   shapes  which  spring  from 
his  brain  alone.     Judged  by  this  standard  Catullus  appears 
a   genuine    poet.       *  He   is,'    says    Professor  Sellar  in   his 
charming  volume  on   the   Roman   poets  of  the   Republic, 
'  perhaps  the  only  great  Roman  poet  who  can  express  himselt 
at  once  with  perfect  grace  and  with  the  happiest  simplicity ;' 
and  it  is  this  blending  of  perfect  art  and  perfect  nature,  this 
union   of  glowing  inspiration   and   divinely  beautiful    form, 
which  render  his  poems  unmatched   among  the  flowers  of 
antique  art.     The  calm  beauty  of  the  Peleus  and  Thetis,  the 
wild  rapid  rhythm  of  the  Atys,  a  poem  unequalled  in  the 
whole  range  of  classical  literature,  the  pathetic  loveliness  of 
some  of  the  minor  poems,  the  lively  grace  and  fancy  of  others, 
—all  these  show  his  real  originality,  and  could  have  been 
attained  by  no  study,  however  careful,  of  the  finest  models. 

duroa/aaxros  h'  ii(ii'  eshg  6b  (j.o,  b  <pps<fh  olfiag  '^ravroioci  svs<pvffsK 
says  the  bard  in  the  Odyssey  of  himself,  and  the  same  proud 
boast  might  well  be  repeated  by  Catullus.  Compare  the 
wild  hurrying  movement  of  such  passages  in  the  Atys  as 
'Furibunda  simul  anhelans  vaga  vadit  animi  egens'  and 
following  lines,— indeed  the  whole  poem,  for  not  a  single 
line  is  weak,— with  the  tender  pathetic  harmony  of  the  '  Miser 
Catulle,  desinas  ineptire,'  or  the  poem  beginning  *  Si  qua 
recordanti  benefacta  priora  voluptas.'  The  Atys  carries  one 
away  with  its  wild  rushing  measure,  its  tumultuous  excitement, 
its  frenzied  despair,  while  the  delightful  rhythm  of  the  minor 


Introduction. 


XXXlll 


poems  seems  to  haunt  one  like  a  melody  of  Mozart  or  the 
tuneful  Schubert,  though  the  words  are  the  words  of  every- 
day prosaic  use.  Indeed,  Catullus'  lyrics  afl^ord  an  admirable 
proof  of  the  truth  of  Wordsworth's  dictum,  that  the  language  ^ 
of  verse  does  not  really  differ  from  that  of  prose.  And  these  ^ 
in  truth  are  the  'fine  strains  of  honour,'  these  are  'the 
graces  of  the  gods,'  to  represent  with  the  same  ease  and 
realistic  force  the  depths  of  abnormal  passion,  and  the 
commonplace  feelings  of  love,  sorrow,  and  disappointment. 

Any  notice  of  Catullus  would  be  incomplete  which  did  not 
contain  some  consideration  of  the  obscenity  which  unfortun- 
ately disfigures  many  of  his  works.     I  have  of  course  in  the 
translation,  endeavoured  to  tone  it  down  as  much  as  possible 
consistently  with  the  proper  rendering  of  the  passages,  and 
have  been  obliged  to  omit  some  of  the  poems  altogether.! 
That  those  retained  have  thereby  lost  in  vigour  it  would  be 
impossible  to  deny,  but  at  the  same  time,  as  I  shall  endeavour 
to  show,  the  expressions  which  we  now  consider  objectionable 
were  part  of  the  ordinary  speech  of  the  day,  and  had  Catullus 
lived  and  written  at  the  present  time,  his  mode  of  expressing 
vigorous  detestation  would  have  been  different,  so  that  not 
much  is  lost  by  the  softening-down  process  to  purely  English 
readers.    On  this  subject  Professor  Sellar  writes,  '  It  is  only  in 
his  careless  moods,  when  he  looks  upon  life  in  the  spirit 
of  a  humourist,  or  in  moods  of  bitterness  when  his  per- 
sonal antipathies  are  roused,  or  in  his  savage  fits  when  he 


\ 


T 


XXXIV 


Introdtiction. 


witnessed  some  inhuman  lust  or  prosperous   villainy,  that 
he  casts  aside  those  restraints  which  the  better  instincts  of 
men   in  nearly  every  age   have    placed  upon   the    use    of 
language.'     This  limitation  of  the  conditions  under  which 
obscenity  appears  surely  includes  nearly  all  the  minor  poems 
which  Catullus  has  written,  and  it  is  useless  to  endeavour  by 
any   definition   to   disguise   the  fact  that    the  language    of 
Catullus  is,  except   in  his  longer  and  more  serious  poems, 
habitually  disfigured  by  expressions  which   the  present  age 
at  all  events  is  agreed  to  regard  as  positively  indecent.     We 
must  look  upon  the  circumstance  as  a  fact,  which  it  is  im- 
possible to  deny,  and  which  we  may  deplore  if  we  choose, 
but  which   at  all  events  is   instructive   to   the  historian  of 
morals  as  showing  the  state  of  feeling  which  existed  on 
the  subject  during  the  last  days  of  the  Roman  Republic. 

A  full  consideration  of  the  matter  would  lead  us  into  the 
midst  of  a  question  which  is  capable  of  almost  infinite  disser- 
-<  tation,  namely,  the   relation  between  morals  and  language. 
Catullus  himself  has  pronounced  an  opinion  in  those  well- 
known  lines  which  affirm  that  a  true  poet  should  always  be 
chaste,  but  that  it  is  not  necessary  for  his  lines  to  be  so. 
The  same  plea  against  judging  the  moral  temperament  of  a 
poet  by  the  warmth  of  his  verse  has  been  used  by  Ovid,  Martial 
and  Pliny,  and  the  whole  question  of  the  connection  between 
punty  of  life  and  purity  of  language,  has  been  exhaustively 
discussed  by  D'Israeli  in  his  'Essay  on  the  Literary  Character ' 


Introduction. 


XXXV 


Smollett,  La  Fontaine,  Cowley  and  Bayle,  were  according  to 
DTsraeli,  all  writers,  whose  lives  were  irreproachable,  and 
whose  writings  are,  to  say  the  least,  free  in  expression  ;  but 
if  any  general  rule  must  be  laid  down,  probably  the  well- 
known  lines  of  Muretus,  whose  own  experience,  by  the  way, 
gives  him  an  ample  right  to  be  heard  on  the  subject,  will  be 
found  to  convey  a  sound  truth.     '  Quisquis  versibus  exprimit 
CatuUum,  raro  moribus  exprimit  Catonem ; '  a  man  who  is 
a  Catullus  in  verse  is  rarely  a  Cato  in  morals.    Indeed,  in 
the  case  of  Catullus  himself,  in  spite  of  his  disclaimer  of  ajiy 
necessary  connexion  between  looseness  of  life  and  laxity  in 
language,  it  is  difficult  to  discern  any  exception  to  the  principle 
of  Muretus.     It  is  possible  however,  in  his  indignant  repudia- 
tion of  his  friends'  conclusions  as  to  his  character,  that  he  may 
have  mentally  compared  his  weaknesses  with  those  of  Gellius, 
Naso  and  others  branded  in  his  verse,  and  may  have  derived 
some  ground  for  self-complacency  from  the  comparison. 

It  would  have  been  wiser  in  him,  however,  not  to  have 
brought  the  subject  up  at  all,  as  on  his  own  showing  he  was 
certainly  open  to  a  very  obvious  retort.  At  the  same  time, 
though  the  general  rule  may  hold  good,  experience  seems  to 
show  that  habitual  coarseness  of  expression  may  not  un- 
frequently  co-exist  with  a  tolerably  well-sustained  average  oi 
virtuous  conduct.  Especially  when  the  coarseness  is  of  that 
broad  animal  kind  which  Catullus  exhibits,  and  which  per- 
haps is    more    compatible    with    virtue  than  the  language 


.■^^■^(r,'i^,.iF 


XXXVl 


Introduction. 


which  has  become  guarded  but  prurient,  and  when  all  in- 
decency is  veiled  in  the  terms  of  passion  and  sentiment     In 
this  respect  the  difference  between  Catullus  and  Horace  is 
as  the  difference  between  Fielding  ^nd  Thackeray.    '  I  defy 
any  one,'  says  Thackeray  in  that  admirable  chapter  which 
treats  of  the  later  career  of  Mrs  Rawdon  Crawley,  'I  defy 
any  one  to  say  that  our  Becky,  who  has  certainly  some  vices 
has  not  been  presented  to  the  public  in  a  perfectly  genteel 
and  moffensive  mamier.'     In  describing  this  siren  singing  and 
smilmg,  coaxmg  and  cajoling,  the  author  with  modest  pride 
asks  his  readers  all  round,  '  Has  he  once  forgotten  the  laws  of 
politeness,  and  showed  the  monster's  hideous  tail  above  water? 
No!'  but  the  'monster's   hideous  tail'   appears  very  obvi- 
ously  in  Tom  Jones,  and  is  still  more  perceptible  in  Catullus 

On  the  whole,  it  seems  the  safest  way  to  conclude  that 
language  is  to  a  very  great  extent  a  question  of  convention 
and   fashion   of  the  age,   so   that   it   becomes   needless   to 
wonder    with    Professor    Sellar    how    'a    poet    with     the 
clear  eye  and  pure  taste  of  Catullus  could  turn  his  vigorous 
force  of  expression  to  the  vilest  uses,'  and  needless  also  to 
reject  the  story  told  by  Suetonius  of  Julius  Cxsar  having 
mvited  the  lampooner  to  dinner,  as  a  sign  of  reconciliation 
after  one  of  these  scurrilous  attacks.     A  general  who  at  his 
own  triumph  could  tolerate  his  soldiers  singing  <  Ecce  C^sar 
nunc  tnumphat  qui  subegit  Galliam,  Nicomedes  non  triumphat 
qui  subegit  C^sarem,'  or,  « Urbani,  servate  uxores,  mcechum 


Introduction. 


xxxvu 


calvum  adducimus.'  would  probably  feel  no  particular  resent- 
mem  against  an  ardent  young  poet,  however  vigorous  his 
denunciation  might  have  been,  and  he  might  well    have 
considered  it  wise  and  statesmanlike  to  treat  such   attacks 
with  contempt     <I  let  my  people  say  what  they  like,  pro- 
dded they  let  me  do  what  I  like,'  is  a  saying  attributed  to 
Frederick  the  Great,  and  C^sar  was  probably  no  less  mag- 
nanimously tolerant  of  criticism.     Indeed,  an  age  when  so 
correct  a  man  as  Cicero  could  make  indecent  jokes  in  the 
Senate,  cannot  have  been   very  particular  about  forms   of 
expression  m  lampoons,  and  we  should  probably  not  be  far 
wide  of  the  mark  if  we  concluded  that  such  attacks  had  upon 
C^sar  about  as  much  effect  as  caricatures  in  comic  journals 
have  upon  modem  statesmen. 

The  extent  to  which  personalities  were  carried,  and  the 
obscenity  which  nearly  always  accompanied  them  in  ancient 
times   can    hardly  be  reaUzed    at   the  present  day,  though 
indeed  as  late  as  the   time  of  Voltaire  such  classical  cha- 
ractenst.es  had  not  altogether  disappeared  from  the  literature 
of  invective.     Even  Pompey,  a  man  of  notoriously  good  moral 
character,  was  assailed  by  the  'boni'  of  the  day  with  epigrams 
quite  as  scurrilous  as  those  which  Catullus  levelled  at  Csesar 
and  the  poet  of  the  period  probably  knew  that  no  one  was 
likely  then  to  take  his  epithets  as  conveying  an  historical  fact 
It  was  reserved  for  later  historians  to  place  on  record  the 
foulest  accusations  against  Caesar's  moral  character  on  the 


XXXVlll 


IntrodMction. 


IntrodMcHon, 


xxxix 


*i 


authority  of  the  soldiers'  songs  and  Catullus'  reckless  diatribes, 
utterly  ignoring  the  Fescennine-like  character  of  these  produc- 
tions, which  were  indecent  in  their  very  nature,  an  indecency 
justified  by  custom  and  tradition.     Indeed,  in  the  case  of  the 
soldiers'  songs,  obscenity  was  justified  by  the  theory  that  in 
order  to  avoid  the  influence  of  the  '  fascinum '  or  evil  eye, 
which  was  always  ready  to  blast  the  good  fortune  of  any  too- 
blest  mortal,  some  indecency  in  word  or  symbol  was  con- 
sidered advisable,  and  hence  probably  arose  the  custom  men- 
tioned by  Varro  of  carrying  a  "  tuipicula   res "   suspended 
round  the  neck,  a  custom  which  still  exists  among  some  of 
the  castes  in  India. 

As  each  age  has  its  standard  of  correctness  in  language,  so 
also  has  it  its  own  peculiar  notion  of  wit.     To  our  minds  such 
attacks  as  those  made  by  Catullus  on  Caesar  appear  simply 
repulsive,  for  their  coarseness  is  not  redeemed  by  anything 
approaching  to  wit  or  delicacy  of  sarcasm,  which  indeed  can 
hardly  co-exist  with  such  plain-spoken  obscenity.     The  poems 
in  fact  suggest  that  Swift  might  have  placed  his  argument  in 
favour  of  keeping  up  Christianity  as  productive  of  amusement 
on  a  somewhat  broader  basis.     For  that  religion  alone  by  pro- 
hibiting  anything  like  a  plain  delineation  of  human  passion 
has  thereby  given  birth  to  all  forms  of  humour,  which  can  only 
exist  when  there  is  a  background  of  infinite  seriousness  to  give 
point  to  the  sense  of  incongruitj'  which  any  repressed  out- 
break of  naturalism  necessarily  awakens  in  our  minds. 


nearly  all  the  wnters  of  antiquity,  so  that  the  consequent 
P^n^ness  of  his  language  need  not  make  us  draw  abso  I 
unfavourable  conclusions  as  to  his  intellectual  versatility;  bu 
he  .flection  that  humour  is  a  growth  of  the  ages  and  ad- 
vanced ov,l.zat.on   naturally  occurs   when  we   contemplate 
he  speaes  of  composition  which  came  home  to  the  c^ 
tempo^nes  of  Catullus.     In  the  story  above  mentionedTs" 
g^ven    y  Suetonius,  it  is  related  that  it  was  in  consequence  of 
an  apology  and  retractation  on  the  part  of  the  poet  that  clr 
-.ted  hm,  to  dinner.     This  some  writers  appL  to  re  ardl 
h-mg  an  air  of  improbability  over  the  whole  an  c  otr 
not  deemmg  u  possible  that  a  man  of  the  rough  repub  Jn 

tZT  H  T^'  ^'''' ''-'  '-''''--'^  -  -- ^ 

B  there  .  a  trace  of  almost  feminine  vehemence  in 
C  u  us  the  very  reverse  of  unswerving  and  conscious  pow ^ 
The  od.  et  amo'  is  a  very  perceptible  tr.it  in  his  cha 
racter,  and  .s  shown  in  the  poems  by  the  indignation  Z 
wh.ch  he  denounces  men  whom  he  had  previo  Jy  addrel^d 
m  terms  of  affectionate  admiration.     Such  weakly  veh  m  :^ 

LXdlluh^"^^^''"^  ''  ^"^~'  -'  '  -^  ^^  -  X 

most  of  h.s  contemporaries  may  have  affected  th. 
sympathetic  character  of  the  poet.  CaLen  xciif^lt 
betray  a  consciousness  of  this  influence  in  the  poet  irseff 


xl 


Introduction, 


A  man  does  not  openly  proclaim  his  indifference  to  the  good 
opinion  of  another  unless  he  has  some  inward  conscious- 
ness that  the  indifference  is  not  a  fact,  and  Catullus  had 
himself  described  a  somewhat  similar  phenomenon  in  the 
loudly -announced  dislike  which  Lesbia  testified  towards 
him. 

If  the  moral  nature  of  Catullus  is  open  to  the  charge  of 
capricious  wilfulness  it  is  no  less  certain  that  his  intellectual 
range  is  somewhat  limited.  He  has  none  of  the  eager 
questioning  of  fate  which  Lucretius  has  put  into  majestic 
verse,  no  troublous  thoughts  of  man  and  his  destiny  harass 
him  with  their  inexplicable  problems,  no  scorn  and  despair  at 
the  blind  and  helpless  blundering  of  generation  after  genera- 
tion through  a  vast  and  unintelligible  imiverse,  disturb  his 
serene  enjoyment  of  life  or  increase  the  misery  of  his 
moments  of  personal  suffering.  He  is  emphatically  the  poet 
of  ardent  passion,  and  that  eager  perception  of  beautiful 
things  which  accompanies  enthusiastic  youth.  Though  his 
conception  of  love  is  according  to  our  modem  ideas  some- 
what sensuous,  though  he  has  never  portrayed  the  higher 
shades  of  the  sentiment,  the  worship  of  intellectual  beauty, 
like  a  Shelley  or  a  Goethe,  Catullus  is  far  from  being  a  poet 
whose  sole  force  lies  in  his  glorification  of  sensual  indulgence. 
There  is  but  one  poem  in  praise  of  wine,  and  he  seems  to 
have  been  entirely  unattracted  by  the  topic  of  gastronomy, 
which  inspired  many  of  Horace's  happiest  efforts,  and  induced 


I 


Introduction, 


xli 


Ennius  to  translate  the  '  HSdyphagetica.'     It  is  true  that  his 
finished  and  harmonious  verse  can  preach  no  gospel  to  an 
age  like  the  present,  when  the  freshness  of  youth  has  passed 
away,  and  criticism   and  analysis  have   taken  the  place   of 
simple  and  unreflecting  enjoyment.     But  this  is  no  disparage- 
ment to  him,  when  we  reflect  that  he  was  one  of  those  whom 
the  gods  love,  and  who  are  taken  early,  and  it  is  as  impossible 
to  imagine  what  he  might  have  produced  when  the  fervency 
of  youth  had  passed  away,  as  it  is  to  estimate  the  force  which 
Byron  might  have  displayed,  had  he  attained  the  years  of  a 
Goethe.     A  man  so  hardworking  and  conscientious  as  the 
elaborate  care  bestowed  on  the  finish  of  his  poems  proves 
Catullus  to  have  been,  might  in  time  have  become  something 
more   than   the   mere  literary  artist,  something  higher  than 
the  inspired  singer  of  mere  natural  beauty.     But  as  it  is,  his 
verse  will  always  find  its  most  powerful  echo  in  the  breasts  of 
the   young,  though    indeed  from   amid  jarring   creeds  and 
discordant  theories  of  society,  and  all  the  rush  and  turmoil 
of  modern  life,  it  is  refreshing  and  good  for  all  men  to  pass 
to  the  simple  joys  of  the  antique  world,   to  '  have  sight  of 
Proteus  rising  from  the  sea,  and  hear  old  Triton  blow  his 
wreathed  horn,'  and  revel  in  the  pure  and  delicate  pictures 
called  up  by  the  magic  verse  of  the  poet.      It   is   through 
these  pictures,  with  their  brilliant   though  tender  colouring, 

that  the  name  of  Catullus  will,  as  he  in  the  confidence  of 

c 


X 


"? 


V 


/ 


y 


/  xlii 


Introdtution, 


genius  expected,  live  through  all  the  lapse  of  hoary  time, 
and  hence  it  is  that  he  will  be  ever  reckoned  among  the 
number  of  those  bright-gleaming  men  of  whom,  as  Pericles 
said,  the  whole  world  becomes  the  tomb. 


CATULLUS, 


'% 


CARMEN    I. — TO   CORNELIUS   NEPOS. 

To  whom  shall  I  this  volume  new. 
Polished  with  pumice,  smooth  to  view. 

Address,  if  not  to  thee, 
Cornelius  ?  for  thou  wert  wont, 
My  friend,  to  deem  of  some  account 

The  trifles  penned  by  me. 

And  thou  their  merit  too  did'st  own, 
When  of  Italians  thou  alone 

Did'st  in  three  volumes  dare 
To  write  in  many  a  learned  page 
The  History  of  every  age  ! 

Jove,  what  a  task  was  there  ! 

And  so  whatever  its  value  be, 
This  little  book  accept  from  me, 

Such  as  it  is  I  give ; 
And  grant,  thou  guardian  Muse,  I  pray. 
That  when  one  age  has  passed  away. 

My  verses  still  may  live. 


X 


Cahcllus. 


J 


CARMEN    II. — TO   LESBIA's    SPARROW. 


Sparrow,  my  Lesbians  sweet  joy, 
With  whom  she  ever  loves  to  toy, 
Or  on  her  breast  will  gently  lay 
When  she  is  wearied  with  his  play, 
Or  merrily  his  beak  will  tease 
Her  finger  tip  to  sharply  seize, 
When  my  bright  darling  longs  to  sport 
Her  own  sweet  will  in  merry  sort. 
That,  as  I  fondly  must  believe, 
Thus  solaced  she  may  cease  to  grieve, 
When  the  fierce  passion  in  her  breast 
Has  spent  its  force  and  sunk  to  rest. 
Ah  !  would  that  I  like  her  could  play 
With  thee,  and  so  could  cast  away 
All  the  dark  sorrows  of  my  mind, 
This  were  to  me  a  boon  as  kind 
As  to  the  fabled  flying  maid 
The  apple  golden-hued,  which  stayed 
Her  course  ere  yet  the  race  was  done 
And  loosed  her  long-bound  virgin  zone. 


Catullus, 


CARMEN    III.— ELEGY   ON    LESBIA's   SPARROW. 


Mourn,  mourn  ye  Loves  and  winged  Desires, 

And  all  ye  wits  whom  beauty  fires, 

My  Lesbia's  sparrow,  lack-a-day ! 

The  bird  she  loved,  has  passed  away. 

Dearer  than  her  own  eyes  was  he 

And  sweet  as  honey  e'er  could  be, 

And  well  would  he  his  mistress  know 

As  maid  her  mother,  to  and  fro 

Around  her  hopping  he  would  go. 

His  tune  would  pipe  alone  to  her, 

And  ne'er  from  off  her  breast  would  stir,  / 

But  now  along  that  gloomy  track 

He  goes,  where  none  can  e'er  turn  back. 

May  curses  dire  upon  thee  wait, 

Thou  cruel  Orcus'  gloomy  state ! 

Who  all  things  beautiful  and  fair 

Dost  ravish  from  the  upper  air. 

This  beauteous  sparrow  thou  hast  ta'en. 

Ah  !  ruthless  deed  to  cause  me  pam. 

Unhappy  bird  !  my  Lesbia's  eyes,         / 

Swollen  with  tears  which  ever  rise,     J 

Are  red  with  weeping,  all  for  thee, 

For  thy  fate  wrought  so  cruelly. 


/ 


Cattcllus. 


J 


CARMEN    II. — TO   LESBIA'S    SPARROW. 


\ 


Sparrow,  my  Lesbians  sweet  joy, 
With  whom  she  ever  loves  to  toy, 
Or  on  her  breast  will  gently  lay 
When  she  is  wearied  with  his  play, 
Or  merrily  his  beak  will  tease 
Her  finger  tip  to  sharply  seize, 
When  my  bright  darling  longs  to  sport 
Her  own  sweet  will  in  merry  sort. 
That,  as  I  fondly  must  believe. 
Thus  solaced  she  may  cease  to  grieve. 
When  the  fierce  passion  in  her  breast 
Has  spent  its  force  and  sunk  to  rest. 
Ah !  would  that  I  like  her  could  play 
With  thee,  and  so  could  cast  away 
All  the  dark  sorrows  of  my  mind. 
This  were  to  me  a  boon  as  kind 
As  to  the  fabled  flying  maid 
The  apple  golden-hued,  which  stayed 
Her  course  ere  yet  the  race  was  done 
And  loosed  her  long-bound  virgin  zone. 


Catullus, 


CARMEN    III.— ELEGY   ON    LESBIANS   SPARROW. 


Mourn,  mourn  ye  Loves  and  winged  Desires, 

And  all  ye  wits  whom  beauty  fires, 

My  Lesbia's  sparrow,  lack-a-day ! 

The  bird  she  loved,  has  passed  away. 

Dearer  than  her  own  eyes  was  he 

And  sweet  as  honey  e'er  could  be, 

And  well  would  he  his  mistress  know 

As  maid  her  mother,  to  and  fro 

Around  her  hopping  he  would  go. 

His  tune  would  pipe  alone  to  her, 

And  ne'er  from  off  her  breast  would  stir,  / 

But  now  along  that  gloomy  track 

He  goes,  where  none  can  e'er  turn  back. 

May  curses  dire  upon  thee  wait, 

Thou  cruel  Orcus*  gloomy  state ! 

Who  all  things  beautiful  and  fair 

Dost  ravish  from  the  upper  air. 

This  beauteous  sparrow  thou  hast  ta'en, 

Ah  !  ruthless  deed  to  cause  me  pam. 

Unhappy  bird  !  my  Lesbia's  eyes. 

Swollen  with  tears  which  ever  rise,     \J 

Are  red  with  weeping,  all  for  thee, 

For  thy  fate  wrought  so  cruelly. 


/ 


Catullus, 


Catullus, 


CARMEN    IV. — THE   DEDICATION   OF  THE   PINNACE. 

That  yacht  of  mine  that  here  you  see, 
My  friends,  may  boast  herself  to  be 
The  swiftest  of  all  crafts  afloat. 
For  never  yet  hath  any  boat 
Outstripped  her  in  her  rapid  course 
Whether  propelled  by  rowers'  force 
Or  whether  with  a  full-spread  sail 
She  flew  before  a  favouring  gale. 
And  this,  she  says,  nor  Hadrians  shore 
On  which  the  raging  billows  roar, 
Nor  distant  Rhodus'  famous  bay. 
Nor  Cyclad  islands  can  gainsay. 
This  too,  she  says,  will  rugged  Thrace, 
Propontis,  and  the  tides  which  race 
Along  the  Pontic  gulf  declare. 
This  well  doth  Pontus  know,  for  there 
Of  old  my  boat  'mid  leafy  trees 
With  foliage  rustling  to  the  breeze 
Stood  on  Cytorus*  mountain  brow ; 
This,  too,  Amastris'  hill  doth  know. 
And  thou,  Cytorus'  box-clad  crest, 
My  skifi"  avers,  for  erst  did  rest 
Upon  thy  lofty  top  the  tree 


Which  made  my  boat,  and  'twas  thy  sea 
Which  first  received  her  plashing  oar 
That  through  the  deep  her  master  bore 
Safe  o'er  the  madly-seething  seas, 
Whether  there  piped  the  rising  breeze 
From  right  or  left,  or  when  the  gale 
FiUed  from  both  sides  the  swelling  sail. 
She  says,  too,  that  she  ne'er  has  made 
Vows  to  the  sea-gods  for  their  aid. 
When  she  into  this  limpid  mere 
From  furthest  bounds  her  course  did  steer/^ 
All  this  is  o'er,  now  rest  at  last 
My  boat  enjoys,  her  toils  are  past, 
Twin  Castor,  dedicate  is  she 
To  thy  Twin  brother,  and  to  thee. 


Catullus, 


i 


Catullus, 


CARMEN   v.— TO   LESBIA. 

Let  US  live,  my  Lesbia  fair, 

Loving  ever  while  we  may, 
Not  a  farthing  will  we  care 

What  the  surly  grey-beards  say, 
Suns  may  set  again  to  rise 

But  when  our  brief  light  is  o^er 
Endless  night  shall  veil  our  eyes 
Closed  in  sleep  for  evermore. 
So  do  thou  bestow  on  me 

First  a  thousand  kisses,  then 
Let  the  tale  a  hundred  be, 

Next  a  thousand  give  again, 
Then  a  hundred,  hurrying  on. 

Hundreds,  thousands  more  bestow, 
So  that  when  our  pastime's  done 
We  may  never  come  to  know 
What  has  been  our  count  of  joy, 

Nor  may  envy  those  sweet  blisses 
With  its  evil  blight  destroy, 
Reckoning  up  our  tale  of  kisses. 


CARMEN   VI.— TO   FLAVIUS. 

Your  charmer's  beauty  still  would  be, 

My  friend,  full  well  I  deem 
Of  all  the  talk  you  have  with  me 

The  everlasting  theme. 
Were  it  not  that  this  precious  maid 

Has  neither  charms  nor  grace. 
It  must  be  some  unhealthy  jade 

You  love,  and  dare  not  face 
My  scorn,  and  so  you  never  own 
The  love  with  which  you  bum. 
But  you  don't  spend  your  nights  alone, 

As  we  can  well  discern. 
Your  couch  is  decked  with  garlands  rare. 

And  drenched  with  Syrian  scent, 
These  little  facts  alone  declare 

That  you  on  love  are  bent, 
The  pillow  pressed  on  either  side, 

— *Tis  useless  to  conceal— 
The  creaking  bed,  your  restless  stride 

All  these  a  tale  reveal  ; 
Your  lank  appearance  too  may  show 

What  can  not  hidden  be, 
So  let  us  all  about  her  know. 
Or  fair  or  foul  is  she? 


8 


Catullus, 


TeU  us  and  I  the  praise  will  sing 

Of  you  and  her  you  love, 
So  that  your  fame  through  heaven  shall  ring 

And  reach  the  gods  above. 


CARMEN   VII.— TO   LESBIA. 

Dost  thou  ask  how  many  kisses, 
Lesbia,  e'er  could  surfeit  me, 
Or  how  soon  with  those  sweet  blisses 

Satisfied  my  love  would  be  ? 
Countless  as  betwixt  the  shrine 

Of  great  Jove  on  Libya's  strand 
And  old  Battus'  tomb  divine 

Lie  the  heaps  of  burning  sand  \ 
Countless  as  the  stars  which  see 

In  the  quiet  hush  of  night 
Lovers'  joys  wrought  secretly 

Hidden  from  day's  garish  light, 
Thus  unnumbered  kisses,  which 

Curious  watchers  ne'er  could  count 
Or  with  evil  tongue  bewitch 

Reckoning  up  their  fuU  amount. 
These  enough  for  him  would  be 
Who  is  mad  with  love  for  thee. 


Catullus. 


CARMEN   VIII.— TO    HIMSELF. 

Catullus,  cease  thy  folly,  love  that's  gone 
Look  on  as  something  lost,  a  joy  undone. 

Erst  had'st  thou  happy  days  and  blissful  nights. 
And  erst  the  sun  with  added  splendour  shone ; 

When  thou  the  favours  of  that  maid  did'st  gain, 
As  thou  lov'dst  her  thou  ne'er  shall  love  again,' 

Thy  visiting  feet  she  to  her  friendly  house 
Full  oft  would  draw,  and  thou  to  go  wert  fain. 

And  there  those  merry  joys  to  taste  did'st  use 
Longed  for  by  thee,  and  she  would  nought  refuse. 
Most  brilliant  shone  those  happy  days  for  thee  ; 
But  now  she  is  unkind,  do  thou  infuse 

Into  thy  breast  a  resolution  stem, 
And  cease  to  follow  one  who  will  not  turn. 
Nor  spend  thy  days  in  miserable  plight, 
Nor  with  an  unrequited  passion  bum. 

Be  firm,  Catullus  !  now  my  heart  is  strong ; 
Farewell  false  maid,  for  thee  no  more  doth  long 

Thy  former  lover,  nor  will  he  ever  ask 
Thy  favours,  who  hast  done  him  grievous  wrong. 

But  thou  wilt  moum  when  not  a  single  night 
Catullus  now  thy  presence  will  invite, 

Who  wiU  approach  thee?  who  will  think  thee  fair? 
Whom  wilt  thou  kiss  ?  whose  amorous  lips  wilt  bite  ? 


/ 


lO 


Catullus, 


Possessed  by  none,  what  kind  of  life  for  thee 
Will  still  remain,  now  thou  art  left  by  me  ? 

But  thou,  Catullus,  'gainst  her  steel  thy  breast. 
And  in  thy  firm  resolve  unshaken  be. 


CARMEN    IX.— TO   VERANNIUS. 

Verannius,  thou  whom  far  above 

All  other  friends  I  prize  and  love, 

Hast  thou  turned  home  thy  wandering  feet 

Thy  household  gods  again  to  greet, 

Thy  aged  mother's  smile  to  see. 

Thy  brothers  too,  who  longed  for  thee  ? 

Thou  hast  come ;  how  that  news  my  soul 

Doth  gladden ;  thee  unscathed  and  whole 

I  presently  shall  see  again. 

And  hear  thy  talk  of  distant  Spain, 

Of  actions  done  and  peoples  seen 

In  that  far  land  where  thou  hast  been, 

As  is  thy  wont,  and  then  thy  face 

Shall  draw  to  mine  in  close  embrace. 

Thy  pleasant  mouth  and  eyes  shall  kiss, 

What  rapture  e'er  can  equal  this. 

E'en  of  the  happy  who  can  vie 

With  me  in  joy,  more  blest  than  I  ? 


Catullus, 


II 


CARMEN   X.— ON   VARUS'   MISTRESS. 


v" 


I  was  strolling  away 
From  the  Forum  one  day 
When  Varus  just  asked  me  to  step  round  and  see 
A  girl  that  he  had,  and  it  struck  me  that  she 
Was  good-looking,  nice-mannered,  and  all  she  should  be. 
So  down  we  all  sat. 
And  had  a  long  chat 
About  various  things  ;  amongst  others  about 
Bithynia,  and  what  kind  of  life  we  had  led, 
And  whether  I'd  managed  to  squeeze  money  out 
Of  the  people  while  there,  and  so  on ;  and  I  said 
What  was  really  the  truth,  that  neither  myself 
Nor  the  praetor,  nor  followers  made  any  pelf. 
And  that  when  we  came  back,  we  had  no  better  scent 
On  our  heads  than  we  had  at  the  time  when  we  went 
And  our  praetor,  I  said,  was  a  blackguard  who  ne'er 
For  the  wants  of  his  followers  took  any  care. 
"  But,"  said  they  then, 
"  At  least  you  got  men 
As  porters  on  journeys  to  cany  your  bed, 
For  from  Asia  first,  it  has  always  been  said. 
That  the  custom  came  in,"  "  Ah  well,"  answered  I, 
"  The  province  was  bad,  that  I  cannot  deny, 


IV 


li 


12 


Catullus, 


But  not  quite  so  bad  that  I  could  not  get  there, 
Eight  strong  upright  fellows  to  carry  my  chair." 

This  I  said,  like  an  ass. 

Intending  to  pass 
/Myself  off  in  the  eyes  of  the  girl  as  the  one. 
Who  much  better  than  all  my  companions  had  done. 
But  I  hadn't  a  man  who  could  put  on  his  head, 
A  piece  of  my  old  broken-down  truckle-bed  : 
/Whereupon,  like  a  regular  wanton  she  said, 

"  Catullus  my  friend. 

Will  you  just  kindly  lend 
Me  those  fellows  a  moment,  I  want  to  attend 
At  Serapis's  temple."     "  But  hold  on,"  I  cried, 
"  I  am  afraid  that  you  can't  very  well  take  a  ride 
In  my  litter  \  ini^ctj^wasjblundering  when 
I  said  they  were  mine,  thex  are  Caius's  mer\, 
Cinna  Caius,  my^  comrade^  he  bought  them,  and  I 
Use  them  too,  just  as  if  they  were  mine,  and  that* s  why 
In  talking  this  moment,  I  made  the  mistake. 
All  the  same,  his  or  mine,  what  odds  does  it  make  ? 

But  you're  so  absurd. 
You  scan  every  word. 
It's  a  terrible  bore  to  be  taken  up  when 
One  makes  a  mistake,  as  one  must  now  and  then." 


Catullus. 


13 


CARMEN   XI.— TO    FURIUS   AND   AURELIUS. 

Aurelius  my  companion  true. 
And  Furius  my  comrade,  who 

Will  ever  follow  me. 
Whether  I  seek  far  India's  land. 
Where  on  the  long-resounding  strand 

Is  dashed  the  Eastern  sea. 

Or  whether  I  to  Sacia  go. 

Or  where  the  Parthians  bend  the  bow. 

Or  the  Hyrcanian  plain. 
Or  where  the  soft  Arabians  dwell. 
Or  where  the  Nile  with  seven-mouthed  swell 

Colours  the  turbid  main. 

Or  whether  o'er  the  Alpine  ways 
I  reach  the  land  which  Caesar  sways, 

Where  Caesar's  triumphs  shine. 
Or  go  to  farthest  Britain's  shore. 
Where  waves  round  barren  headlands  roar. 

Or  to  the  Gallic  Rhine. 

With  me  such  toils,  or  worse  than  these, 
Whatever  heaven's  will  may  please 
Ye  are  prepared  to  meet. 


I  tiiii 


H 


Catullus. 


Catullus. 


15 


So  do  ye  that  most  faithless  maid 
— And  let  it  in  few  words  be  said — 
With  this  harsh  message  greet ; 

May  she  with  all  her  lovers  live, 
Hundreds  there  are  at  least,  and  give 

Favours  alike  to  all ; 
Not  one  she  really  loves,  but  they 
Are  wasted  in  her  arms  away. 

And  on  her  passion  pall. 

« 

Let  her  not  dream  that  as  of  old 
My  love  for  her  will  ever  hold. 

For  it  long  since  hath  died. 
By  her  own  fault,  as  falls  a  flower 
Beneath  the  plough-share's  grinding  power 

Upon  the  meadow-side. 


CARMEN    XII.      TO   ASINIUS. 

Marrucinus  Asinius,  now  listen,  my  friend. 
When  the  wine  and  the  jest  round  the  table  are  going. 
To  most  scandalous  tricks  your  left  hand  do  you  lend, 
You  steal   napkins  from   men  who  don't  see  what  you're 

doing : 
Do  you  think  this  is  witty  ?  you  fool,  don't  you  see 
What  a  low  vulgar  joke  we  all  think  it  to  be  ? 
You  don't  believe  me  ?  then  ask  Pollio  your  brother. 
Who  gladly  with  money  this  scandal  would  smother. 
For  he  is  a  youth  who  has  really  a  taste 
For  pleasantries  which  with  refinement  are  graced.     ^ 
So  my  napkin  at  once  you  will  back  to  me  send. 
Or  in  three  hundred  lines  I'll  lampoon  you,  my  friend. 
For  its  value  in  money  I  do  not  complain 
But  a  keepsake  it  is  from  a  comrade  in  Spain, 
My  Verannius  sent  it  from  over  the  sea. 
And  FabuUus  with  him  as  a  present  to  me. 
From  Setaba's  town  ;  and  their  gifts  I  must  prize. 
As  the  donors  themselves  are  beloved  in  my  eyes. 


i6 


Catullus, 


CARMEN   XIII.— TO    FABULLUS. 

Right  well,  Fabullus,  shalt  thou  sup  with  me 

In  no  long  time,  if  gods  shall  give  thee  aid. 

Provided  only  that  thou  bring  with  thee 

A  fair  rich  banquet,  and  a  blooming  maid, 

And  wine  and  wit  to  make  our  laughter  ring. 

These  things,  I  say,  thou  e'en  must  with  thee  bring 

My  witty  friend,  if  thou  the  night  would'st  pass 

In  feasting ;  for  Catullus'  purse,  alas  ! 

Is  but  with  cobwebs  meanly  furnished  now. 

But  something  in  return  I'll  give  which  thou 

A  perfect  love  wilt  call,  or  if  there  be 

A  word  more  sweetly  framed,  more  daintily. 

By  that  wilt  name ;  it  is  an  unguent  rare 

Which  Jove  and  Venus  gave  my  maiden  fair. 

When  smelling  it  at  ease  thou  shalt  repose, 

Thou'lt  pray  the  gods  to  make  thee  wholly  nose. 

CARMEN   XIV.— TO  CALVUS   LICINUS. 

Did  I  not  love  you,  Calvus,  more 
Than  mine  own  eyes,  I  should  abhor 
Your  villany  with  hate  more  dire 
Than  e'en  Vatinius  can  inspire. 
What  did  I  ever  do  or  say 
That  you  should  plague  me  in  this  way 
With  works  of  wretched  poets  ?    May 


Catullus. 


17 


The  gods  send  him  misfortune  due 

Who  sent  this  lot  of  trash  to  you ; 

But  if  as  possibly  may  be 

This  choice  new  present  is  a  fee 

FromSulla,  that  pedantic  ass. 

Then  I'll  say  nought,  but  let  it  pass, 

And  feel  quite  pleased  that  you  have  won 

Such  a  reward  for  all  you've  done. 

But  heavens  !  what  could  make  you  send 

To  me,  your  most  unhappy  friend, 

Such  an  accursed  book  as  this ; 

Unless  it  were  to  mar  my  bliss, 

That  I  might  forthwith  waste  away 

This  merry  Satumalian  day  ? 

No,  no,  you  wag,  this  joke  won't  do, 

I'll  have  a  fit  revenge  on  you ; 

As  soon  as  dawn  lights  up  the  sky 

To  all  the  book-stalls  will  I  hie, 

The  Caesii,  Aquinii, 

And  all  Suffenus  will  I  buy. 

Poisonous  trash  to  send  to  you, 

Thus  will  I  work  you  mischief  too. 

Meanwhile,  you  pack  of  bards  accurst 

Pests  of  the  age,  of  all  the  worst, 

Begone,  return  unto  that  place 

From  which  first  swarmed  your  wretched  race. 


i8 


Cattillus, 


\ 


CARMEN    XVII. — TO   A   COLON  I  A. 


O  Town  that  on  a  long  bridge  long'st  to  sport 

And  ready  art  to  dance  in  merry  show, 
But  fear'st  with  reason  the  patched-up  support 

That  bears  thy  bridge,  lest  it  should  break  and  throw 
The  crazy  pile  of  such  a  tottering  sort 

Far  down  into  the  slimy  marsh  below.  • 

May  a  good  bridge  be  built  to  pleasure  thee 
On  which  the  Salian  rites  performed  may  be ! 


Then  grant  us  this  our  sides  with  mirth  to  shake ; 

There  is  a  townsman  who's  a  perfect  fool ; 
I  want  that  man  a  somersault  to  make 

Head  over  heels  into  the  boggy  pool. 
Just  where  the  slime  is  deepest  in  the  lake 

And  smells  most  fetid,  there  his  brain  to  cool : 
In  mind  he's  like  a  child  of  two  years  old, 
Such  as  a  father  in  his  arms  would  hold. 


He  has  a  wife  in  girlhood's  earliest  flush. 
More  tender  than  the  weanling  kid  is  she. 

Who,  than  ripe  grapes  which  glow  with  purple  flush. 
Guarded  and  watched  with  greater  care  should  be, 

He  lets  her  play,  and  never  cares  a  rush. 
He  never  stirs  himself  an  inch,  not  he, 


I 


Cattillus. 


19 


Like  a  felled  log  he  dreams  away  his  life,  " 

For  all  the  world  as  though  he  had  no  wife.   \ 

For  he,  the  stupid  oaf,  sees  nought,  hears  nought, 
Whether  he  lives  or  not,  he  scarce  doth  know, 

I  want  to  send  him  flying,  quick  as  thought, 
Into  the  slimy  lake  that  lies  below, 

To  see  if  by  the  shock  some  sense  be  brought 
Back  to  his  brain,  or  else,  perchance,  that  so 

He  may  in  mud  deposit  his  dull  mind, 

As  mules  in  claymire  leave  their  shoes  behind. 


\ 


CARMEN   XVIII. — THE   GARDEN   GOD. 

I  dedicate  this  grove  to  thee 
Priapus,  garden  deity. 
Who  hast  at  Lampsacus  thy  seat 
Thy  woodland's  favourite  retreat. 
For  all  the  Hellespontine  coast 
Thee  as  her  guardian  god  doth  boast, 
*Tis  meet,  for  she  in  oysters  more 
Abounds  than  any  other  shore. 


I 


20 


Catullus, 


CARMEN   XIX. — THE   GARDEN   GOD. 

I  this  fair  cottage  mid  the  marshy  meads 
Thatched  with  rush-stalks,  ye  youths,  and  plaited  reeds 
Have  nourished,  and  each  year  the  place  more  blest 
Becomes ;  I  here  am  worshipped  first  and  best, 
I  from  an  oak-log  hewn  with  rustic  skill 
Stand  as  the  guardian  of  this  homestead  still, 
Father  and  son,  the  masters  of  this  place 
To  me  their  god  do  ever  pious  grace  : 
The  one  with  carefiil  toil  keeps  clear  my  seat 
From  weeds  and  brambles  rude,  while  presents  meet 
Though  small  the  other  with  unstinting  hand 
Offers,  and  on  my  head  bright  blossoms  stand 
Firstlings  of  early  spring,  in  garlands  wrought 
With  ears  of  wavy  com,  nor  is  there  aught 
Of  beauty  wanting  here,  the  creamy  gourd 
And  saffron  violets  round  my  shrine  are  poured 
And  poppies  red,  and  apples  too  are  mine, 
"-^'-^^And  grapes  which  glow  beneath  the  shady  vine. 
And  sometimes  too — but  tell  it  not  again — 
The  blood  of  victims  doth  my  altar  stain, 
The  tender  kid,  and  goat  with  horned  hoof : 
For  all  these  favours  must  the  god  show  proof 
Of  due  protection,  and  with  ceaseless  ward 
Must  aye  the  master's  land  and  vineyard  guard. 


Catullus, 


21 


These  are  Priapus'  duties,  so  avaunt, 

Ve  boys,  and  leave  untouched  this  quiet  haunt. 

Pilfer  elsewhere,  my  neighbour's  garden  try 

For  he  is  rich,  his  god  stands  idle  by. 

Take  what  you  will  from  him,  this  pathway  leads 

Srraight  to  his  grounds,  there  satisfy  your  needs. 


CARMEN   XX.      THE   GARDEN   GOD. 


I  fashioned  from  a  poplar  tree 
With  rustic  art  the  field  you  see 
That  stands  here  on  the  left,  I  guard 
In  safety  with  due  watch  and  ward. 
I  too  the  poor  man's  humble  cot. 
Who  owns  this  tiny  garden  lot 
Protect,  and  keep  all  thieves  away. 
And  so  it  is  that  when  the  day 
Lengthens  in  spring,  a  garland  rare 
Of  flowers  bright-tinted  decks  my  hair. 
With  summer  comes  the  reddening  wheat. 
And  autumn  brings  me,  as  is  meet. 
Sweet  grapes  and  green  shoots  of  the  vine. 
In  winter  stands  my  bust  divine 
Encircled  with  the  olive  green : 
Here  too  the  milch-goat  may  be  seen 


I 


22 


Catullus. 


'  Which  nurtured  on  the  grass  hath  been 
That  grows  upon  my  fertile  down, 
Seeking  with  swollen  dugs  the  town ; 
The  fat  lambs  too  come  from  my  fold 
Which  fill  their  master's  hands  with  gold ; 
The  lowing  cow  before  my  fane 
Shows  that  her  calf  has  there  been  slain, 
Wherefore  the  god  you  shall  revere, 

0  traveller,  and  your  hands  from  here 
Refrain,  you'd  better,  for  if  not 

1  warn  you  that  you'll  catch  it  hot 

From  this  rude  phallus.     "  'Gad,"  say  you, 
"I'd  like  to  see  what  that  could  do." 
Egad,  you  shall,  the  lusty  swain 
Comes,  and  the  phallus  takes  amain. 
In  his  hands  wielded  as  a  club 
'Twill  serve  right  well  your  sides  to  drub. 


I 


Catullus. 


23 


CARMEN   XXII.      TO   VARRUS. 


V 


Suffenus,  my  friend,  who  is  well  known  to  you 

Is  chatty,  a  wit,  and  a  good  fellow  too, 

Besides  he's  a  poet,  writes  lines  by  the  score 

I  believe  he  has  written  ten  thousand  or  more. 

Nor  are  they  on  palimpsest  scribbled,  oh  no  ! 

Royal  paper  he  uses  to  make  a  fair  show. 

New  covers,  new  bosses,  and  strings  of  bright  red. 

The  whole  smoothed  with  pumice,  the  sheets  ruled  with  lead. 

But  on  reading  on  parchment  Suffenus's  strain 

You'd  think  him  a  herdsman  or  ditcher  again. 

That  man  who  before  had  shown  such  wide  range 

Of  humour  and  polish,  so  great  is  the  change. 

And  what  is  the  reason  of  this  ?  it  is  strange 

That  one  who  just  now  had  appeared  in  our  sight 

As  a  wit,  or  aught  else  that's  more  sparkling  and  bright. 

Should  as  soon  as  to  verses  he  gives  up  his  mind 

Become  stupider  far  than  the  stupidest  hind. 

Yet  he's  never  so  happy  as  when  he's  inditing 

Some  lines  he  thinks  good  in  the  poem  he's  writing. 

So  much  his  own  powers  delight  him  and  ever 

He  feels  boundless  surprise  to  find  out  he's  so  clever. 

We're  all  of  us  dupes,  we're  all  like  Suffenus,   . 

We  have  ne'er  seen  ourselves  as  others  have  seen  us ; 

Others'  faults  we  can  scan,  but  we're  perfectly  blind 

To  the  wallet  that  holds  our  own  failings  behind. 


—'--'*' "ij^    '-■"'  "  ■■■'^"^■■- 


24 


Catullus. 


\ 


CARMEN   XXIII.      TO   FURIUS. 

You  Furius  who  nothing  have  got  in  your  house 
Neither  coffer  nor  slave,  not  a  bug  or  a  louse, 
Not  a  spider  or  fire,  but  a  father  alone. 
With  his  partner  whose  teeth  could  demolish  a  stone. 
With  him  as  companion,  how  charming  your  life, 
-With  him,  and  that  dried  piece  of  timber  his  wife. 
Indeed  it's  no  wonder,  there  can  be  no  question. 
That  your  health's  very  good,  and  so's  your  digestion.  ^ 
You  have  no  dread  of  ruin,  of  arson  no  fears. 
Nor  of  horrible  crimes  such  as  poisonous  snares. 
All  terror  of  danger  you're  able  to  scorn 
For  youVe  bodies  more  dry  than  the  driest  of  horn, 
Hardened  through  by  the  sun,  and  by  cold  and  starvation, 
Of  course  you  are  happy,  you've  no  perspiration. 
No  colds  and  no  sneezing,  your  functions  are  good. 
Your  stomach  ne'er  suffers  from  plethora  of  food. 
So  don't  let  these  blessings  seem  small  in  your  eyes 
Nor  all  those  advantages  think  to  despise. 
And  for  those  hundred  sesterces  care  not  to  pray 
As  your  wont  is,  you're  happy  enough  in  your  way. 


Catullus, 


25 


CARMEN    XXIV.      TO   JUVENTIUS.  /  ^ 

The  tender  flower  most  fair  to  see 
Of  all  thy  race  that  e'er  will  be, 
Or  now  are  or  have  been,  thou  art. 
Why  would'st  thou  throw  away  thy  heart  ? 
Twere  better  all  my  paltry  pelf 
To  give  to  him,  but  not  thyself 
For  he  has  neither  slave  nor  coffer. 
Nothing  in  fact  has  he  to  offer ; 
But  what  a  handsome  face  he's  got ! 
You'll  say,  well,  I  deny  it  not, 
About  his  beauty  you  may  rave, 
But  where's  his  coffer  or  his  slave  ? 
You  may  despise  the  words  I  proffer, 
Still — he  has  neither  slave  nor  coffer. 


CARMEN   XXV.      TO   THALLUS. 


^ 


Voluptuous  Thallus,  you  who  softer  far 

Than  down  of  goose  or  fur  of  rabbit  are 

Or  than  a  spider's  web  or  tip  of  ear. 

Yet  more  rapacious  do  to  me  appear  ^^ 

Than  a  wild  storm  blast,  when  like  gulls  in  shape 

You're  shown  your  hapless  victims  all  agape. 


26 


Catullus, 


Send  back  my  Thynian  tablets  which  you  took, 
My  Spanish  napkin  and  my  stolen  cloak. 
Which  you,  vain  fool,  show  plainly  to  men*s  view 
As  though  as  heirlooms  they  had  come  to  you. 
From  thievish  nails  unglue  them,  and  restore 
I'hese  things  to  me,  lest  the  sharp  whip  should  score 
Disgraceful  marks  upon  your  smooth-skinned  back 
And  tender  flanks,  and  you  the  torture  rack, 
Till  in  unwonted  pain  you  toss  and  rave, 
Like  tiny  bark  upon  the  boiling  wave. 


CARMEN   XXVI.      TO    FURIUS. 

My  villa,  Furius,  is  not  set 

'Gainst  the  south-western  air. 
Nor  'gainst  the  north,  nor  east,  nor  yet 

Against  the  zephyr  fair.     » 
But  'gainst  a  bond  in  legal  form 

My  villa's  set,  ah  me  ! 
That  needs  must  a  most  fatal  storm 

A  wind  unhealthy  be  ! 


Catullus, 


27 


CARMEN   XXVII.      TO    HIS   CUP   BEARER. 

Boy,  thou  minister  of  pleasure. 

With  the  old  Falernian  draught, 
Fill  me  up  a  stronger  measure 

Stronger  than  was  ever  quaffed. 
Postuma  our  mistress  fair 

Who's  as  drunk  as  any  seed 
Which  the  purple  grape  doth  bear 

So  commands,  and  we  must  heed. 
Water,  thou  of  wine  the  bane 

Go  where'er  it  pleases  thee. 
Hence,  and  join  the  sober  train. 

Pure  our  Bacchic  draught  shall  be. 


■) 


CARMEN  XXVI II.   TO  VERANNIUS  AND  FABULLUS. 

Companions  of  Piso,  a  suite  empty-handed, 

With  that  screw  of  a  praetor  unhappily  banded,    *** 

You've  not  had  enough  then  of  cold  and  starvation  ; — 

The  baggage  you  carry  to  my  observation 

Looks  handy  but  light ;  come,  my  friends,  don't  refuse, 

Verannius,  FabuUus,  come  tell  me  the  news, 

How  much  of  your  profit  is  entered  as  spent  ? 

You've  had  my  bad  fortune,  for  when  I  was  sent 


28 


Catullus, 


With  my  praetor,  my  money  and  I  were  soon  parted, 
And  I  came  back  alas  !  much  worse  off  than  I  started. 
O  Memmius,  you  treated  me  finely,  you  brute, 
And  you,  my  friends,  seem  to  have  quite  followed  suit. 
For  with  no  less  a  rascal  you've  now  had  to  do  ; 
Seek  to  know  noble  friends  after  this  !  and  may  you 
Be  by  all  gods  and  goddesses  plagued,  the  disgrace 
Of  Remus'  and  Romulus'  once  noble  race. 


4 


CARMEN  XXIX. — ON  CiESAR. 


Who  can  see  this,  or  who  can  bear 
That  it  should  be  Mamurra's  share 
To  have  what  long-haired  Gaul  can  give, 
Or  the  far  land  where  Britons  live, 
Unless  indeed  a  glutton  he, 
Gambler  or  shameless  wretch  should  be  ! 
Lascivious  Romulus,  dost  thou, 
Behold  all  this  with  tranquil  brow  ? 
A  glutton  and  a  gambler,  too,  thou  art, 
A  shameless  villain,  reprobate  at  heart. 

And  shall  that  wretch  with  haughty  gait. 
Exulting  in  his  lofty  state, 
Around  our  marriage  couches  rove 
Like  some  Adonis,  or  the  dove 


Catullus, 


29 


Of  beauteous  Venus,  which  she  sends. 

When  she  men's  minds  to  passion  bends  ? 

Lascivious  Caesar,  wilt  thou  see 

All  this,  and  suffer  it  to  be  ? 
A  glutton  and  a  gambler,  too,  thou  art, 
A  shameless  villain,  reprobate  at  heart. 

Was  it  that  worn-out  lecher's  taste. 
To  please  that  thou  the  farthest  west 
Did'st  visit,  e'en  to  Britain's  strand  ? 
Thou  to  whose  mandate  every  land 
Doth  listen,  whom  alone  obey 
All  nations;  well,  perhaps  thou 'It  say. 
What  matters  it  if  it  be  so  ? 
He  wastes  a  little,  that  I  know. 

Dost  thou  not  see  thy  bounty  is  misplaced  ? 

Dost  thou  not  know  how  terrible  his  waste  ? 

First  his  ancestral  wealth  was  spent. 
And  then  the  spoils  of  Pontus  went, 
The  riches  then  Iberia  bore, 
Which  came  from  Tagus'  golden  shore ; 
Both  Gaul  and  Briton  dread  his  name, 
Why  court  the  fellow  to  your  shame  ? 
What  talent  has  the  man,  or  power, 
Save  patrimonies  to  devour? 
Was  it  for  this  that  you  the  mighty  world, 
Father  and  son-in-law,  to  ruin  hurled  ? 


) 


30 


Catullus, 


CARMEN  XXX. — TO  ALPHENUS. 

Alphenus,  who  with  still  forgetful  heart 

To  thy  companions  true  most  treacherous  art, 

Hast  thou  no  longer  pity  in  thy  breast 

For  thy  sweet  friend,  of  friends  to  thee  the  best  ? 

Me  to  betray  thou  dost  not  hesitate, 

With  guile  and  falseness,  but  the  great  gods  hate 

The  impious  actions  of  deceitful  men ; 

But  thou  unheeding  art,  and  reck'st  not  when 

Thou  leavest  me,  deserted  in  my  woe. 

But  now,  alas !  what  trust  can  men  e'er  know  ! 

O  cruel  one,  for  erst  thou  badest  me 

Surrender  my  whole  trustful  soiil  to  thee, 

Thou  lured'st  me  to  love  as  though  no  fear 

Of  change  could  ever  come,  but  now  appear 

Thy  fickleness  and  perfidy,  for  thou 

From  me  back  shrinkest  with  aversion  now, 

And  all  that  thou  didst  do  or  idly  swear, 

Is  scattered  to  the  vain  and  wandering  air. 

Thou  hast  forgotten,  but  the  high  gods  ne'er 

Forget,  nor  outraged  Faith  who  in  due  course 

Will  plague  thy  crimes  with  pitiless  remorse. 


f 


Catullus. 


31 


/ 
CARMEN  XXXI. — TO  SIRMIO,         ^ 

Sirmio,  fairest  of  all  isles  that  be, 

Or  all  peninsulas  that  ocean  laves, 
Whether  around  them  roll  the  mighty  sea, 
Or  a  lake's  placid  waves. 

Thee  with  what  joy,  what  rapture  do  I  view. 

Returned  from  Thynia  and  Bithynia's  plain  ! 
I  scarce  can  credit  that  the  bliss  is  true, 
Thee  to  behold  again. 

O,  what  more  blessed  is  than  labours  past ! 

In  weary  wanderings  abroad  we  roam. 
Then  spent  with  toil  we  come  again  at  last 
Seeking  our  rest  at  home. 

This  for  our  toils  the  sole  reward  is  found, 

Hail,  lovely  Sirmio,  and  thou  Lydian  mere  ! 
And  now,  my  home,  let  all  thy  laughter  sound, 
Now  is  thy  master  here. 


J2 


Catullus. 


Catullus. 


Il> 


{ 

J 


CARMEN    XXXIV. — TO  DIANA. 

Youths  and  maidens,  chaste  and  pure, 
From  Diana  we  have  found 
Bounty  and  protection  sure, 
Let  us  then  her  praises  sound ; 
Hear  us,  goddess,  from  above, 
Progeny  of  mighty  Jove. 

Thee  Latona  erst  did  bear 

By  the  Delian  olive  tree. 

That  thou  mightest,  goddess  fair, 

Mistress  of  all  mountains  be. 

Of  dense  groves,  of  sounding  streams, 

And  of  woods'  bright  leafy  gleams. 

In  the  midst  of  childbirth's  smart 
Women  ever  call  on  thee. 
Thou  the  mighty  Trivia  art, 
Luna  thou  art  said  to  be, 
Luna  excellently  bright 
Shining  with  a  borrowed  light. 

Thou  dost  monthly  wax  and  wane, 
Seasons  year  by  year  dost  measure, 
Thou  dost  fill  men's  homes  with  grain, 
Fruitful  harvest's  golden  treasure. 


V 


Goddess  now  propitious  be, 
Hear  us  when  we  call  on  thee. 

By  whatever  holy  name 
Thou  preferrest,  hear  our  prayer, 
Keep  the  mighty  Roman  fame, 
As  of  yore  with  fostering  care. 
And  protect  with  guardian  grace 
From  all  foes  the  Roman  race. 


CARMEN    XXXV. — INVITATION   TO   CiECILIUS. 

Tell  to  Caecilius  my  friend 

Thou  letter  which  to  him  I  send. 

Tell  that  sweet  child  of  poetry 

That  he  must  to  Verona  hie. 
And  leave  the  walls  which  Como's  waters  lave, 
The  town  which  overlooks  the  Larian  wave. 

Our  common  friend  has  to  impart 

Some  thoughts  which  he  must  take  to  heart, 

Wherefore  if  he  be  wise  indeed 

He  will  at  once  with  restless  speed 
Haste  hither,  though  that  lovely  maid  should  pray, 
And  tempt  him,  clinging  round  his  neck,  to  stay. 


11 


34 


Catullus, 


Or  call  him  as  he  starts  to  go, 

For  if  what  men  relate  be  so, 

She  now  is  pining  fast  away 

With  love,  for  since  he  read  his  lay 
Of  Cybele  the  great  Dindymian  queen, 
The  hapless  girl,  they  say,  consumed  hath  been 

With  passion,  and  from  out  her  breast 
Hath  fled  for  aye  her  wonted  rest ; 
Poor  maiden  !  thee  I  can  excuse 
More  learned  than  the  Sapphic  muse, 
For  my  Caecilius  with  his  charmed  tongue 
Hath  nobly  of  the  mighty  mother  sung. 


CARMEN    XXXVI. — ON   VQLUSIUS'   ANNALS. 

Volusius'  Annals,  of  all  books  the  worst, 

Assist  me  in  this,  O  ye  volumes  accurst. 

And  fulfil  for  my  damsel  a  vow  which  she  swore 

That  if  Venus  and  Cupid  would  ever  restore 

To  her  arms  me  her  lover,  and  make  me  cease  writing 

Those  iambics  I  scribble  remorseless  and  biting 

With  their  truculent  wit,  she  would  make  a  selection 

Of  the  worst  poet's  works  that  were  in  her  collection, 

And  bum  them  an  offering  to  Vulcan  the  lame. 

While  from  unlucky  wood  should  be  kindled  the  flame. 


Catullus, 


35 


Now  her  humourous  vow  to  accomplish  she  sees 

That  these  volumes  must  go — the  worst  written  are  these — 

So  now,  thou  fair  goddess,  the  child  of  the  waves, 

Who  frequentest  the  harbour  which  Hadrik  laves 

And  Cnidus  the  reedy,  and  Syria's  plain. 

And  in  Golgi  and  Amathus  guardest  thy  fame, 

Who  in  holy  Idalium  keepest  thy  seat, 

Whom  Ancona  as  guardian  goddess  doth  greet, 

Let  such  a  fulfilment  find  grace  in  thy  eyes 

Of  the  vow  my  girl  made,  if  thou  do  not  despise 

This  our  jesting,  nor  find  it  with  humour  ungraced. 

Nor  wanting  refinement  and  elegant  taste. 

Meanwhile  to  the  flames,  wretched  verses,  with  you, 

Volusius'  Annals,  most  hateful  to  view. 

Full  of  boorish  conceits  and  stupidity  too. 


CARMEN   XXXVIII.      TO  CORNIFICIUS. 


Comificius,  thy  sick  friend 
Woes  and  troubles  without  end 
Harass  without  increasing  weight, 
And  each  day  each  hour  my  fate 
Darker,  darker  still  doth  grow  : 
Thou  the  while  to  still  my  woe 


36 


Catullus, 


Not  one  line  hast  sent  to  me, 

Not  one  word  of  sympathy, 

Yet  for  thee  an  easy  task 

Is  this  trifling  boon  I  ask ; 

I  am  wroth  that  thou  should' st  leave 

Me  thy  friend  alone  to  grieve, 

And  thus  treat  my  tale  of  love. 

Though  thy  words  more  mournful  prove 

Than  Simonides'  sad  strain 

Even  that  would  ease  my  pain. 


K 


CARMEN    XXXIX.       ON    EGNATIUS. 

Egnatius'  teeth  are  very  white, 
And  so  he  grins  both  day  and  night, 
E'en  when  he  to  the  court  repairs 
Where  some  great  speaker  moves  to  tears 
He  grins,  or  at  a  scene  of  woe. 
Where  some  fond  son  is  lying  low 
Upon  the  funeral  pile,  and  where 
The  mother  weeps  bereft  of  all 
Her  one  son  lost,  he  grins  e'en  there 
So  that  whate'er  chance  befall 
Whate'er  he  do,  where'er  he  be 
He  ever  grins  incessantly. 


i 


Catullus. 


37 


This  seems  a  species  of  disease. 

But  vulgar  'tis,  and  does  not  please  j 

So  now  Egnatius,  worthy  friend. 

To  my  advice  and  words  attend. 

Had  you  been  bom  in  mighty  Rome, 

Or  even  had  from  Tibur  come. 

Or  were  a  fat  Etruscan,  or 

A  Sabine,  or  an  Umbrian  boar. 

Or  a  Lanuvian  dark  in  hue. 

With  monstrous  teeth  that  strike  the  view. 

Or  Transpadane,  e'en  these  I'll  name 

Whom  I  as  countrymen  <:an  claim. 

Or  were  of  any  country  where 

Men's  teeth  are  cleansed  with  water  fair, 

E'en  then  you  should  that  grin  forego. 

Than  stupid  laughter  naught  can  show 

More  stupid,  but  you've  come  from  Spain, 

And  Spaniards  as  is  known  are  fain 

Their  scarlet  gums  and  teeth  to  clean    ->. 

With  stinking  water,  so  'tis  seen 

That  when  your  teeth  most  brightly  shinO 

'Tis  clear  you've  drunk  of  filthy  brine. 


38 


Catullus, 


Catullus, 


39 


CARMEN   XL.      TO   RAVIDUS. 

Say,  Ravidus,  what  madness  dire 
Thy  senseless  bosom  doth  inspire 

My  verses  to  provoke  ? 
Thee  to  this  reckless-  combat  now 
What  counselling  god  doth  urge  whom  thou 

Not  wisely  did'st  invoke  ? 

Is  it  that  men  should  speak  of  thee, 
That  thou  the  common  talk  should'st  be  ? 

Well  it  shall  e'en  be  so, 
The  maid  I  loved  ^twas  thy  intent 
To  win,  so  lasting  punishment 

On  thee  will  I  bestow. 


) 


CA&MEN   ILIM, 

Come  hither,  my  verses^  attend  to  my  call 

Come  hither  from  all  sides,,  come  one  and  come  all : 

Your  tablets  this  wanton  has  taken  away. 

Such  a  trick  upon  me  she  thought  proper  to  play, 

You  can*t  quite  stand  this ;  so  pursue  her,  I  pray. 

And  demand  them  all  back ;  who  is  it  ?  you  say, 

Why  that  jade  over  there 

Strutting  on  with  an  air 


(i 


Most  farcical,  casting  her  smiles  all  around 

And  showing  her  teeth  like  a  Gaulish-bred  hound. 

So  stand  round  her  and  bawl, 

Verses  mine,  one  and  alL 

Give  the  tablets,  you  jade. 

Give  the  tablets,  you  jade, 
You  don't  care  a  farthing,  you  don't  feel  afraid? 
Oh  you  base  lump  of  mud,  oh  you  wanton  accursed  ! 
Or  aught  else  that  is  violent  and  lowest  and  worst. 
This  will  not  be  enough,  but  at  least  one  may  place 
A  blush  on  the  cheeks  of  her  brazen  dog's  face. 
So  with  yet  louder  shouting  come  round  to  my  aid, 

Give  the  tablets,  you  jade. 

Give  the  tablets,  you  jade. 
But  this  is  no  good,  no  effect  we  have  made 
So  we'll  just  change  our  method  and  plan  of  attack 
To  see  if  thereby  we  can  win  the  books  back. 

And  so  we  will  say 

In  quite  a  changed  way 

Give  the  tablets,  fair  maid. 

Virgin  modest  and  staid. 


i 


■•h 


40 


Catullus. 


\ 


CARMEN   XLIII.      ON   MAMURRA*S   MISTRESS. 


Thou  wench  with  slobbering  mouth,  and  tongue  not  neat, 

With  eyes  by  no  means  black,  and  monstrous  feet, 

With  nose  too  big,  with  fingers  short  and  snub. 

The  Formian's  mistress,  does  the  province  dub 

Thee  their  prime  beauty,  do  the  people  dare 

Thee  with  my  lovely  Lesbia  to  compare  ? 

O  senseless  age,  blinded  to  what  is  fair ! 


CARMEN   XLIV.      TO    HIS    FARM. 

My  homestead  which  on  Sabine  ground 
Art  built,  or  in  Tiburtine  bound, 
For  those  who  wish  to  please  my  heart 
Give  out  that  thou  Tiburtine  art 
While  those  who  wish  to  cause  me  pain 
For  any  wager  will  maintain 
That  thou  art  Sabine,  but  for  this 
I  care  not  to  dispute,  what  bliss 
It  was  thy  house  again  to  view  ! 
For  then  my  health  had  suffered  too, 
And  I  had  come  there  to  shake  off 
What  I  had  long  endured,  a  cough, 
Which  from  too  sumptuous  feasts,  on  me 
Had  come  not  undeservedly. 


Catullus, 


41 


For  Sextianus,  when  indeed 

I  wished  to  eat,  to  me  would  read 

His  speech  'gainst  Antius  full  of  stuff. 

Pestilent  and  poisonous  enough.  "^ 

So  thus  a  chilling  cold  I  took,  (^ 

A  racking  cough  my  whole  frame  shook. 

Which  flying  to  thy  soothing  breast      - — 

I  cured  with  nettle  tea  and  rest. 

So  now  to  thee  my  thanks  I  give 

That  I  unvexed  by  cough  can  live, 

And  that  thou  hast  not  on  me  sent 

For  this  my  fault  due  punishment. 

But  do  not  thou  thy  wrath  forego  ; 

That  hacking  cough  and  cold  bestow 

On  Sestius,  not  on  me,  if  e'er 

I  go  again  his  works  to  hear, 

He  ne'er  invites  me  to  a  feed  ^^ 

But  when  he's  got  some  trash  to  read.     | 


42 


Catullus. 


u 


Catullus. 


43 


J 


^         CARMEN  XLV. — ON  ACME  AND  SEPTIMIUS. 

"  My  Acme,"  thus  Septimius  cried, 
Holding  the  fau:  one  to  his  breast, 
"  If  thee  I  love  not,  darling  bride, 
With  passion's  maddening  force  possest, 
And  so  will  love  through  Hfe's  long  span 
As  fondly  as  a  lover  can ; 
Then  may  I  on  the  Libyan  strand, 
Or  in  the  parched-up  Indian  land, 
The  tawny  eyed  fierce  lion's  glare 
Confront,  while  none  stand  by  me  there :  " 
As  from  the  left  before  Love  sneezed  assent. 
Now  from  the  right  the  favouring  sound  was  sent 

Then  Acme  bending  back  her  head 
And  kissing  the  love-drunken  eyes 
Of  the  fond  youth  as  thus  he  said 
With  her  sweet  roseate  mouth,  replies : 
*  O  Septimillus,  darling  mine. 
Who  art  my  life,  as  I  am  thine, 
Let  love  alone  our  master  be. 
As  my  soft  bosom  bums  for  thee 
With  mightier  power  than  thou  can'st  know 
Of  passion's  deep  entrancing  glow  ^ " 
As  from  the  left  before  Love  sneezed  assent. 
Now  from  the  right  the  favouring  sound  was  sent 


Thus  hath  their  love  with  omen  fair 
Set  out  upon  its  happy  way. 
Loving  and  loved,  the  doting  pair 
Live  'neath  a  mutual  passion's  sway ; 
The  love-sick  youth  doth  prize  still  more. 
Than  Syria's  clime  or  Briton's  shore, 
His  Acme's  charms,  while  her  fond  breast 
Faithful  in  love  to  him  doth  rest. 
In  him  she  joys,  and  by  his  side. 
Are  all  her  longings  satisfied ;» 
What  pair  more  blest  than  they  hath  ever  been, 
Or  when  hath  more  auspicious  love  been  seen  ? 


CARMEN  XLVI. — ON  THE  COMING  OF  SPRING. 

{Addressed  to  himself.) 


r 


With  spring  returned  now  genial  days  are  seen, 
The  sky  which  erst  with  fury  fierce  had  raged       \ 

'Neath  equinoctial  gales,  now  shines  serene  \ 

By  Zephyr's  balmy  whispering  breath  assuaged. 

Now,  O  Catullus,  leave  the  Phrygian  plain. 
And  where  Nicaea's  sultry  land  doth  lie, 

Whose  fertile  fields  are  crowned  with  wealth  of  grain, 
And  to  fair  Asia's  famous  cities  fly. 


44 


Catullus. 


Now  runs  through  all  my  longing  mind  a  thrill, 
A  thrill  of  hope  and  eagerness  to  start, 

My  joyful  feet  with  thirst  of  travel  still 
Grow  strong  beneath  me  ready  to  depart. 

Now  farewell  ye,  my  comrades  true  and  tried. 
With  whom  from  our  far-distant  home  abodes, 

I  erst  set  out  for  Asia  side  by  side, 
Now  we  retmm  by  many  diverse  roads. 


CARMEN  XLVII. — TO  PORCIUS  AND  SOCRATION. 

Porcius,  Socration,  you  two 
Belonging  to  the  scurvy  crew 

That  follow  Piso's  train. 
You,  too,  who  are  of  Memmius*  band. 
Starvation  under  his  command 

Is  all  the  pelf  you  gain. 
Does  that  Priapus  you  prefer 
To  my  Verannius,  and  to  dear 

Fabullus,  friend  of  mine  ? 
Do  you  fare  richly  every  day. 
While  in  the  street  my  friends  must  pray 

To  be  asked  out  to  dine  ? 


Catullus, 


45 


CARMEN  XLVIII. — TO  JUVENTIUS. 

Were  I  permitted  at  my  will, 

Juventius,  thy  sweet  eyes  to  kiss, 
I  could  with  thousands  take  my  fill, 

Nor  should  I  sated  be  with  bliss  : 
Nor  would  my  heart  e'er  surfeit  know 

E'en  if  our  crop  of  kissing  yield 
More  than  the  stalks  in  densest  row 

Which  stand  along  the  harvest  field. 


CARMEN  XLIX. — TO  M.  T.  CICERO. 

Most  eloquent  of  Roman  race. 
Great  Marcus  TuUius,  to  thee 
Catullus  sends  most  heartily 

These  words  of  thanks  for  all  thy  grace. 


As  thou  of  orators  the  first, 
Of  all  that  are  or  e'er  shall  be. 
Or  yet  have  been,  art  held,  so  he 

Is  of  all  rhyming  bards  the  worst 


46 


Catullus, 


Catullus, 


47 


CARMEN  L. — TO  LICINIUS. 

Licinius,  yesterday  we  twain 

For  idle  pastime  met 
As  was  agreed,  and  many  a  strain 

And  jest  on  tablet  set, 
In  any  measure  that  might  be 

Full  many  a  witty  line 
We  penned  'mid  mirth  and  repartee 

And  brimming  draughts  of  wine  ; 
Fired  with  the  wit  and  fancy  gay, 

^Vhich  all  thy  talk  had  graced, 
When  I  departed  on  my  way 

Food  had  no  longer  taste ; 
Sleep  from  my  wearied  eyelids  fled, 

And  through  the  livelong  night 
I  tossed  upon  a  restiess  bed 

Longing  for  morning  light, 
That  I  might  see  thee  once  again 

Once  more  those  joys  might  find  ; 
So  when  o*er  wearied  with  the  strain 

My  limbs  half-dead  reclined, 
'Twas  then  that  I  composed,  my  friend. 

Dearest  of  all  to  me. 
This  poem  which  to  thee  I  send 

That  thou  my  grief  may'st  see, 


And  now,  thou  apple  of  mine  eye, 

Of  haughtiness  beware, 

Take  heed  how  thou  my  wish  deny. 

And  flout  my  humble  prayer. 

Do  not  great  Nemesis  oflend, 

A  goddess  dread  is  she. 

Lest  she  in  anger  dire  should  send 

A  punishment  on  thee. 


/ 

CARMEN  LI. —  TO  LESBIA.    J 

Blest  as  the  gods  that  man  I  deem 
Or  e'en  more  blest  he  well  might  seem, 
Who  sitting  face  to  face  with  thee 
Thy  beauty  through  the  day  may  see 
And  hear  thy  laughter  rippling  gay. 
Which  all  my  senses  wiled  away. 

For  when  my  Lesbia's  charms  I  view 
A  subtle  flame  my  body  through 
Flows,  and  the  voice  forsakes  my  tongue 
While  in  my  tingling  ears  are  rung 
A  murmuring  sound,  and  my  dazed  sight 
Is  veiled  in  shades  of  darkest  night. 


F 


I'    . 


48 


Catullus, 


CARMEN  LII. — ON  STRUMA  AND  VATINIUS. 

(Addressed  to  himself^ 

Ah  why  to  die  dost  hesitate, 
Catullus  ?  thou  hast  lived  too  late. 
Nonius  in  the  curule  chair 
Sits,  and  thou  hear'st  Vatinius  swear 
His  false  oath  by  the  time  when  he 
Seated  in  consul's  chair  shall  be. 
Why  is  it  then,  Catullus,  why 
That  thou  dost  still  delay  to  die  ? 


CARMEN  LIII. — ON  CALVUS. 

I  laughed  when  Calvus  his  great  speech  pronounced, 
And  fervently  Vatinius'  crimes  denounced. 
For  some  one  standing  in  amongst  the  crowd 
Raised  both  his  hands,  and  wondering  cried  aloud, 
"  Ye  mighty  gods,  what  learning  here  I  see, 
A  clever  little  puppet  sure  is  he  !" 


Catullus, 


I 


49 


(( 


((* 


CARMEN   LV. — TO   CAMERIUS. 

Now  tell  me,  Camerius,  my  friend,  if  you  please 
Where  the  hiding  place  is  where  you  lurk  at  your  ease, 
I  looking  for  you  through  the  Campus  did  rove 
Through  the  Circus,  the  book-shops,  the  temple  of  Jove, 
And  the  walk  made  by  Pompey,  and  every  gay  maid 
Though  they  faced  me  sedately  I  questioned,  and  said 
"  Give  me  back  my  Camerius,"  thus  did  I  cry, 
You  naughtiest  of  girls;"  whereat  one  passing  by 
Showed  her  fair  naked  bosom,  and  "  here,"  did  she  say. 
Mid  such  roses  your  lost  friend  lies  hid  all  the  day;" 
'Tis  a  Hercules'  toil  with  you  longer  to  bear, 
Far  too  proud  you  would  be  to  receive  visits  there. 
So  out  with  it  boldly,  and  trust  it  to  me. 
And  tell  me  the  place  where  you're  likely  to  be. 
Do  some  milky-white  girls  you  in  bondage  detain  ? 
If  you  keep  your  lips  closed  what  avails  it  to  gain 
All  love's  fruits,  for  these  triumphs  are  made  to  be  sung, 
And  Venus  delights  -in  a  loud-tattling  tongue ; 
But  still  if  you  like,  keep  your  mouth  shut  with  care 
If  but  in  your  confidence  I  have  a  share ; 
If  I  were  as  swift  as  that  guardian  of  Crete, 
Huge  Talus,  or  Perseus,  with  wing'd  sandall'd  feet. 
Or  a  Pegasus  flying,  or  Ladas  were  I, 
Or  with  Rhesus's  snowy-white  horses  could  vie. 


< 


*"' 


so 


Catullus, 


Or  had  I  the  fleetness  of  those  living  things 

With  lightness  endowed,  and  with  feet  clad  with  wings, 

Or  could  I  outstrip  the  wild  tempests  which  blow 

Or  could  you,  Camerius,  on  me  bestow 

The  swiftness  of  winds  yoked  together,  e'en  so 

My  limbs  would  all  fail  me,  nor  could  I  pursue. 

Eaten  up  with  fatigue,  the  long  hunt  after  you. 


Catullus, 


51 


CARMEN    LVII. — ON    MAMURRA   AND   CAESAR.  ^ 

Well  matched  are  seen  that  infamous  pair 
Mamurra,  Caesar;  both  do  bear 

The  marks  of  guilty  love ; 
One  for  his  crimes  the  City  sought 
The  other  Formiae,  nor  shall  aught 

Those  deep-stamped  scars  remove. 

Lustful  alike,  in  learning  too 
They  dabble,  one  could  never  view 

Such  a  well-mated  pair, 
The  other  neither  can  excel 
In  vices  which  both  love  so  well. 

Rivals  of  maidens  fair  1 


( 


CARMEN    LVin. — TO   CALIUS   ON    LESBIA. 

My  Lesbia,  Coelius,  oh  my  Lesbia  fair, 

For  whom  in  days  gone  by  I  once  did  bear 

So  great  a  love  that  not  my  life  could  be 

Or  my  own  kindred  half  so  dear  to  me, 

Now  in  side  alleys  and  through  streets  doth  rove 

And  all  those  charms  which  erst  called  forth  my  love, 

Sells  for  the  Roman  populace  to  view, 

Remus'  descendants,  that  most  high  souled  crew. 


52 


Catullus. 


t    . 


CARMEN  LIX. — ON  RUFA  AND  RUFULUS. 

Does  Bononian  Rufa  that  wretched  old  soul 

The  wife  of  Menenius  Rufus  cajole  ? 

Whom  oft  when  in  burial-grounds  she  would  steal 

What  would  make  the  poor  wretch  but  a  miserable  meal 

We  have  seen  snatching  bread  as  it  fell  from  the  pile 

And  by  half-shaved  corpse-burners  be  beaten  the  while. 


CARMEN    LX. 

Was  it  a  lioness  on  the  Libyan  hills 

Or  barking  Scylla  dog-like  shaped  below 

That  bore  thee  with  a  mind  so  steeled  'gainst  ills 

That  thou  in  all  extremity  of  woe 

A  suppliant  voice  despisest ;  oh,  thou  art 

Unfeeling,  harsh,  and  of  most  cruel  heart. 


Catullus, 


53 


CARMEN    LXI. — ON   THE   MARRIAGE   OF  JULIA  AND   MANLIUS. 

O  thou  who  aye  thy  lofty  seat 

On  Helicon's  high  summit  makest, 
Urania's  offspring,  who  to  greet 

Her  husband's  passion  rudely  takest 
From  her  lov'd  home  the  virgin  fair, 
Hear  us,  O  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  hear,  (i) 

Thy  temples  with  a  wreath  surround 
Of  marjoram's  bloom  with  odour  sweet ; 

With  flame-red  nuptial  veil  be  bound  (2) 
Thy  head,  and  on  thy  snowy  feet 

The  saffron-coloured  slipper  wear. 
And  hither  joyful  come  our  bliss  to  share. 

Do  thou  on  this  blithe  day  rejoice. 

And  nuptial  songs  with  us  resound. 
In  chorus  with  thy  shrill  toned  voice. 

And  beat  wdth  dancing  feet  the  ground. 
And  o'er  our  merriment  to  shine 
Shake  in  thy  hands  the  flaming  torch  of  pine. 

For  now  with  omen  good  doth  come 

Julia,  Manlius'  bride  to  be, 
Arrayed  in  all  her  beauty's  bloom, 

Such  as  great  Venus  wore  when  she  ^ 

The  queen  of  high  Idalium  came,  ^ 

The  prize  of  beauty  from  her  judge  to  claim.  (3)    ^ 


-.■Jk^'.!Siii^' 


54 


Catullus. 


Catullus. 


55 


il 


Like  to  the  myrtle  which  doth  grow 
Upon  the  distant  Asian  strand, 
*     And  flowering  shoots  abroad  doth  throw, 
Which  the  fair  Hamadryad  band 
Nourish  in  sport  with  honey  dew, — 
So  Julia  comes  most  lovely  to  the  view. 

Come  hither,  then,  thine  advent  make, 

O  Hymen,  where  for  thee  we  cry, 
The  dark  Aonian  caves  forsake 

Which  'neath  the  Thespian  rocks  do  lie,  (4) 
The  rocks  which  Aganippe's  wave 
>With  current  icy  chill  doth  ever  lave. 

And  summon  her  whose  soul  doth  beat 
With  longing  for  her  new-made  lord. 
As  mistress  now  her  home  to  greet, 
Her  heart  fast  binding  with  the  cord 
/Of  love,  as  with  her  wandering  grace 
^he  clinging  ivy  doth  a  tree  embrace. 

And  ye,  too,  virgins  chaste  and  pure. 

Come  join  with  us,  and  raise  your  song. 
For  you  a  day  like  this  will  sure 
-     Approach,  nor  will  the  time  be  long. 
And,  Hymen,  sing  in  measure  clear. 
Hear  us,  O  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  hear. 


/ 


That  so  the  god,  while  thus  we  sing. 

May  hear  the  cry  which  calls  him  near 
For  his  own  rite,  and  joyful  bring 

His  presence  to  confirm  us  here, 
Of  Venus  chaste  is  he  the  guide. 
By  him  the  bands  of  honest  love  are  tied. 

What  god  should  be  preferred  to  thee. 
Of  all  the  gods  who  dwell  in  heaven, 

By  lovers  ?  or  to  whom  should  be 
By  all  men  vows  more  earnest  given  ? 

O  Hymenaeus,  now  draw  near. 
Hear  us,  O  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  hear. 

To  thee  the  parent  still  doth  cry. 

Whose  anxious  mind  can  know  no  rest, 

To  thee  the  maiden  doth  untie 

Her  virgin  zone  from  off  her  breast,       / 

For  thee,  too,  while  he  shrinks  with  fear, 
The  new-made  husband  lists  with  eager  ear ; 


.■^ 


Thou  placest  'neath  the  guardian  power 
Of  a  fond  spouse  the  youthful  bride. 

Robed  in  pure  beauty  like  a  flower. 
Whom  nestling  by  her  mother's  side, 

From  her  own  mother  thou  dost  tear ; 
Hear  us,  O  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  hear. 


\ 


56 


Catullus, 


Catullus, 


57 


No  blessing  sooth  can  Venus  take 
Such  as  an  honest  fame  approves, 

Without  thine  aid  the  bond  to  make 
The  bond  which  bindeth  mutual  loves, 

But  with  thine  aid  all  joys  can  be, 
What  god  can  ever  be  compared  with  thee  ? 


/ 


No  house  can  children  rear  to  grace 
The  glories  of  an  ancient  line, 

No  parent  can  prolong  his  race 
In  sons  without  thine  aid  divine ; 

But  with  thine  aid  all  this  can  be, 
What  god  can  ever  be  compared  with  thee? 

The  impious  land  which  doth  not  know 
Thy  holy  rite  can  set  no  guard 

Of  warriors  to  repel  the  foe  (5) 
And  keep  her  bounds  with  constant  ward, 

But  with  thine  aid  this  too  can  be. 
What  god  can  ever  be  compared  with  thee  ? 

The  closed  portals  wide  undo. 
Behold  the  virgin  now  is  there. 

How  gleam  the  torches  to  our  view, 
See  how  they  shake  their  glittering  hair, 

But  hasten  now,  for  wanes  the  day. 
Come  forth,  thou  lovely  bride,  no  more  delay. 


The  virgin  lingers  in  her  bower,  \ 

The  voice  of  shame  alone  she  hears  ; 

Our  songs  she  heeds  not,  and  the  hour 
When  she  must  go  is  fraught  with  tears : 

But  hasten  now,  for  wanes  the  day. 
Come  forth,  thou  lovely  bride,  no  more  delay. 

Cease,  cease,  those  idle  tears  to  shed 

Aurunculeia,  for  to  thee 
Ne'er  need  there  come  a  haunting  dread  v 
Ixst  one  more  fairly  formed  should  see 
The  sun  from  out  the  purple  main 
Arise  to  bring  the  light  of  day  again. 

As  in  a  rich  man's  garden  rare. 

Where  many  a  varied  flower  doth  blow, 

The  hyacinth  stands  erect  and  fair, 
So  fair  thy  beauty's  grace  doth  show. 

But  hasten  now,  for  wanes  the  day. 
Come  forth,  thou  lovely  bride,  no  more  delay. 

Come  forth,  come  forth,  thou  lovely  bride, 

If  come  thou  wilt,  for  we  have  long 
Stood  here  thy  coming  to  abide, 

Come  forth,  fair  bride,  and  hear  our  song. 
See  how  the  torches  for  thee  glare 
And  glittering  shake  aloft  their  golden  hair. 


58 


Catullus, 


Ne'er  shall  thy  husband  fickle  prove 
Disgracing  thy  heart's  lavished  treasure, 

Or  bring  foul  scandal  on  thy  love 
By  seeking  base  adulterous  pleasure, 

Ne'er  will  he  wish  his  head  to  rest 
Elsewhere  than  on  thy  gentle  swelling  breast. 

Like  as  the  slowly-growing  vine 
'Mid  sheltering  trees  round  every  limb 

Her  clinging  branches  doth  entwine, 
So  shall  thy  arms  encircle  him  ; 

But  hasten  now,  for  wanes  the  day. 
Come  forth,  thou  lovely  bride,  no  more  delay. 

O  bed  that  gleam'st  with  ivory  feet. 
What  joys  ere  long  thy  lord  shall  know 

By  day  when  burns  the  noontide  heat 
Or  as  the  night  hours  fleeting  go  ! 

But  hasten  now,  for  wanes  the  day. 
Come  forth,  thou  lovely  bride,  no  more  delay. 

Now  let  the  torch  uplifted  bum 

Ye  youths,  the  bride's  veil  sweeping  long 
In  near  approach  I  can  discern, 

And  in  due  measure  chaunt  your  song, 
O  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  sing, 
All  blessings,  Hymen,  Hymenaeus,  bring. 


Catullus, 


59 


Now  round  Fescennine  jest  may  go  (6) 

The  forward  lay  of  marriage  joys, 
Now  let  the  favoured  slave  bestow 

The  nuts  among  the  laughing  boys, 

For  now  from  him  that  love  hath  flown, 

His  master's  love  which  erst  was  all  his  own. 

Thou  pampered  slave,  the  nuts  away 
— Poor  playthings— to  the  children  cast. 

Enough  thy  master  once  did  play 
With  nuts,  now  these  delights  are  past, 

Tis  Hymen  now  his  lord  must  be. 
Throw  nuts,  thou  youth,  this  task  is  meet  for  thee. 

Thou  didst  despise  the  country-slaves 

But  yesterday,  but  now  no  more, 
For  now  thy  face  the  curler  shaves, 

Thy  time  is  past,  thy  reign  is  o'er, 
Alas  for  all  thy  vanished  joys  ! 
Throw  nuts,  poor  pampered  youth,  among  the  boys. 

Of  thee  it  may  be  men  will  say 
That  thou  can'st  scarcely  yet  abstain. 

Thou  perfumed  bridegroom,  spruce  and  gay, 
From  loves  unmeet,  but  still  refrain, 

O  Hymenaeus,  be  thou  near, 
Hear  us,  O  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  hear ! 


^ 


6o 


Catullus, 


We  know  thou  did'st  in  wonted  fashion 

Delight  in  what  was  harmless  once, 
But  in  a  husband's  heart  one  passion 
Alone  must  live,  all  else  renounce, 
O  Hymenaeus,  be  thou  near, 
Hear  us,  O  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  hear ! 

Nor  yet  do  thou,  fair  bride,  deny 
The  husband's  right  which  is  his  joy, 

Lest  he  to  other  loves  should  fly 
Deserting  thee  for  maids  less  coy, 

O  Hymenaeus  be  thou  near. 
Hear  us,  O  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  hear ! 

See,  Julia,  see,  how  richly  blest 
Is  thy  lord's  house  of  high  degree. 

And  of  what  wealth  and  power  possest. 
All  these  will  service  do  to  thee. 

O  Hymenaeus  be  thou  near, 
Hear  us,  O  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  hear ! 

Until  old  age  when  time  hath  sped, 

Whose  brows  with  hoary  locks  are  crowned, 
With  palsied  gesture  shake  her  head 

And  nod  assent  to  all  around, 
O  Hymenaeus  be  thou  near. 
Hear  us,  O  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  hear ! 


Catullus, 


6i 


And  now  approach  with  omen  fair 
Thy  golden  feet  in  nuptial  state 

Over  the  threshold  safely  bear,  (7) 
And  enter  by  the  polished  gate. 

O  Hymenaeus,  be  thou  near. 
Hear  us,  O  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  hear ! 

See  on  the  Tyrian-tinted  couch. 
Within  the  doors  thy  lord  reclining. 

For  thee  he  longs,  for  thy  approach 
With  sick  desire  his  soul  is  pining, 

O  Hymenaeus,  be  thou  near, 
Hear  us,  O  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  hear ! 

The  passion  which  thy  breast  doth  move 

Thy  lord  with  deeper  feeling  knows. 
And  with  consuming  flames  of  love 
His  inmost  bosom  warmer  glows  ; 
O  Hymenaeus,  be  thou  near. 
Hear  us  O  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  hear  ! 

The  bride's  round  arm  no  more  restrain, 
Thou  youth,  who  her  from  home  hast  led. 

Let  her  approach  with  all  her  train 
Unto  her  husband's  marriage  bed ; 

O  Hymenaeus,  be  thou  near. 
Hear  us  O  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  hear ! 


M 


62 


Catullus, 


Ye  matrons,  too,  whose  faith  long  tried 
Your  aged  husbands  can  avouch, 

Your  duty  'tis  the  youthful  bride 
To  lay  upon  the  nuptial  couch. 

O  Hymenaeus,  be  thou  near, 
Hear  us,  O  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  hear ! 

Husband,  thou  may*st  with  eager  feet 
Come  hither,  now  thy  wife  is  laid 

Upon  the  couch  thy  love  to  greet, 

Like  some  rare  flower  in  bloom  arrayed. 

Like  the  parthenium  glows  her  face, 
Or  like  the  saffron  poppy's  radiant  grace. 

And  thou,  too,  by  the  gods  I  swear, 

By  all  the  gods  that  dwell  in  heaven, 
Thou,  bridegroom,  too,  art  not  less  fair. 

To  thee  hath  Venus  favour  given, 
But  hasten  now,  for  wanes  the  day. 
The  chamber  enter,  make  no  more  delay. 

In  truth  thou  hast  not  long  delayed, 
Already  art  thou  here,  and  now 

May  kindly  Venus  give  thee  aid 
Propitious,  as  is  meet,  for  thou 

What  thy  heart  longs  for  boldly  takest. 
And  of  thy  honest  love  no  secret  makest. 


Catullus, 


Let  him  first  count  the  sands  that  lie 
Heaped  up  by  the  Erythrian  sea. 
Let  him  first  through  the  glittering  sky 

Compute  how  many  stars  there  be, 
Whoe'er  a  reckoning  would  make 
Of  all  the  thousand  joys  which  ye  shall  take. 

So  take  your  joys  with  mutual  flame. 
Let  children  be  anon  begotten. 

It  is  not  meet  that  ancient  name 
For  lack  of  heirs  should  pass  forgotten. 

But  may  the  line  unbroken  run 
From  that  same  stock  by  which  it  was  begun. 

And  soon  to  greet  my  longing  eyes 

May  I  a  young  Torquatus  see. 
As  on  his  mother's  lap  he  lies 

Stretch  forth  his  littie  hands  in  glee, 
With  sweet  half-opened  lips  the  while 
His  father's  gaze  he  answers  with  a  smile. 

And  may  I  noble  Manlius'  mien 

In  all  his  childish  features  trace, 
That  e'en  by  strangers  may  be  seen 
The  likeness  to  his  father's  face. 
And  so  his  countenance  may  be 
The  sign  of  his  own  mother's  chastity. 


63 


64 


Catullus, 


May  he  of  such  a  mother  bom 
Reap  the  rich  meed  of  generous  fame, 

Such  as  of  old  did  once  adorn 
Telemachus  of  spodess  name,  (8) 

Through  his  great  mother  famed  was  ke, 
Ulysses'  peerless  wife,  Penelope. 

Now  close  the  door  ye  virgins  fair 

Enough  weVe  sported :  make  an  end. 
To  you,  good  luck,  ye  married  pair, 
May  blessings  on  your  love  attend. 
And  without  stint  your  hours  employ 
In  lusty  youth's  delights  and  passion's  joy. 


CARMEN    LXIL—NUPTIAL   SONG. 
YOUTHS. 

Lo  !   Hesperus  is  here,  ye  youths,  arise. 
His  longed-for  light  now  glitters  in  the  skies ; 
Now  is  the  time  to  leave  the  rich-spread  feast. 
For  o'er  Olympus  shines  he  in  the  east, 
Now  will  the  virgin  come,  now  raise  the  song, 
Let  Hymen's  praises  sound  the  fields  along. 
Come  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  present  be, 
When  ardent  lovers  call  aloud  on  thee. 


Catullus, 


65 


MAIDENS. 

Maidens  arise,  the  youths  in  chorus  see. 
Arise,  o'er  ^ta  glimmers  Hesper's  fire,  (i) 
Look  how  they  rush  to  sound  their  melody. 
Some  worthy  subject  will  their  strains  inspire. 
Come  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  present  be. 
When  ardent  lovers  call  aloud  on  thee. 

YOUTHS. 

No  easy  victory  is  ours,  my  friends. 
Behold  how  every  maid  her  power  bends 
Recalling  inwardly  her  studied  strain ; 
Nor  is  the  labour  which  they  spend  in  vain. 
They  have,  I  doubt  not,  found  some  worthy  theme 
Such  as  may  well  their  earnest  thought  beseem, 
While  we  this  way  and  that  divide  our  minds. 
So  shall  we  fail,  for  labour  victory  finds. 
So  let  your  minds  with  theirs  in  contest  vie, 
For  they  will  sing  and  we  must  e'en  reply. 
Come  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  present  be. 
When  ardent  lovers  call  aloud  on  thee. 

MAIDENS. 

Than  thee  no  star  more  harsh  the  heavens  bear 
Who  from  her  mother's  arms  the  maid  dost  tear 


1 


^ 


.*.— '.^^-t  fv*.^? 


'  f''**'*/'- 


64 


Catullus. 


Catullus, 


65 


May  he  of  such  a  mother  bom 
Reap  the  rich  meed  of  generous  fame, 

Such  as  of  old  did  once  adorn 
Telemachus  of  spotless  name,  (8) 

Through  his  great  mother  famed  was  ke, 
Ulysses*  peerless  wife,  Penelope. 

Now  close  the  door  ye  virgins  fair 

Enough  we've  sported  :  make  an  end. 
To  you,  good  luck,  ye  married  pair, 

May  blessings  on  your  love  attend. 
And  without  stint  your  hours  employ 
In  lusty  youth's  delights  and  passion's  joy. 


CARMEN    LXII. — NUPTIAL   SONG. 
YOUTHS. 

Lo  !  Hesperus  is  here,  ye  youths,  arise. 
His  longed-for  light  now  glitters  in  the  skies ; 
Now  is  the  time  to  leave  the  rich-spread  feast. 
For  o'er  Olympus  shines  he  in  the  east, 
Now  will  the  virgin  come,  now  raise  the  song, 
Let  Hymen's  praises  sound  the  fields  along. 
Come  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  present  be, 
When  ardent  lovers  call  aloud  on  thee. 


, 


MAIDENS. 

Maidens  arise,  the  youths  in  chorus  see, 
Arise,  o'er  ^ta  glimmers  Hesper's  fire,  (i) 
Look  how  they  rush  to  sound  their  melody. 
Some  worthy  subject  will  their  strains  inspire. 
Come  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  present  be. 
When  ardent  lovers  call  aloud  on  thee. 

YOUTHS. 

No  easy  victory  is  ours,  my  friends. 
Behold  how  every  maid  her  power  bends 
Recalling  inwardly  her  studied  strain ; 
Nor  is  the  labour  which  they  spend  in  vain, 
They  have,  I  doubt  not,  found  some  worthy  theme 
Such  as  may  well  their  earnest  thought  beseem, 
While  we  this  way  and  that  divide  our  minds. 
So  shall  we  fail,  for  labour  victory  finds. 
So  let  your  minds  with  theirs  in  contest  vie, 
For  they  will  sing  and  we  must  e'en  reply. 
Come  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  present  be, 
When  ardent  lovers  call  aloud  on  thee. 

MAIDENS. 

Than  thee  no  star  more  harsh  the  heavens  bear 
Who  from  her  mother's  arms  the  maid  dost  tear 


66 


Catullus. 


Bright  Hesper,  and  for  her  feerst  nought  of  ruth 
But  giv*st  her  shrinking  to  the  eager  youth, 
Than  these  could  happen  no  more  direful  woes 
In  captured  city  sacked  by  angry  foes. 
Come  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  present  be. 
When  ardent  lovers  call  aloud  on  thee. 

YOUTHS. 

Than  thee  no  star  more  pleasant  can  be  seen 
In  heaven's  vault,  who  joinest  with  thy  sheen 
The  wedding  bands  which  parents  first  have  made, 
For  not  before  thy  fires  arise  to  aid 
Can  Hymen's  knot  be  tied ;  what  hour  more  blest 
Than  that  is  given  by  gods  to  mortal  breast  ? 
Come  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  present  be. 
When  ardent  lovers  call  aloud  on  thee. 

MAIDENS. 

Lo  !  one  of  our  companions  now  hath  left. 
Taken  by  Hesper,  ah  !  the  cruel  theft ; 
When  Hesper  comes,  the  guardians  watchful  stand. 
For  prowling  lovers  always  choose  the  night 
And  oft  times  Hesper  sees  the  spoilers'  band 
When  he  returning  brings  the  morning  light.  (2) 
Come  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  present  be. 
When  ardent  lovers  call  aloud  on  thee. 


Catullus. 


67 


YOUTHS. 

The  maids  profess  that  they  the  star  revile. 

What  if  they  really  long  for  him  the  while  ? 

Come  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  present  be. 

When  ardent  lovers  call  aloud  on  thee. 

MAIDENS. 

As  in  a  garden  hid  a  flow'ret  grows  (3) 
Which  no  plough  strikes,  on  which  no  cattle  browse. 
But  strengthened  by  the  sun's  most  genial  care 
And  daily  freshened  by  the  gentle  air, 
And  nurtured  by  the  tender  showers  which  fall. 
Is  sought  by  youths,  longed  for  by  maidens  all. 
So  while  the  virgin  yet  untouched  remains 
Dear  is  she  held  in  all  domestic  ties. 
But  when  her  blighted  flower  her  body  stains 
For  her  no  youth  is  fired,  or  maiden  sighs. 
Come  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  present  be. 
When  ardent  lovers  call  aloud  on  thee. 

YOUTHS. 

As  in  a  bare  field  an  unwedded  vine 
Ne'er  lifts  her  head,  or  yields  the  mellow  fruit. 
But  her  frail  body  doth  her  weight  decline 
Till  e'en  the  topmost  twig  can  touch  the  root, 


^..  ■--■-sT-.  ■ 


68 


Catullus. 


\ 


Catullus. 


69 


For  her  no  rustics  toil,  or  herdsmen  care  ; 
But  if  to  her  be  joined  in  wedlock  fair 
Some  husband  elm  to  hold  her  lest  she  fall, 
Cherished  she  stands  by  hinds  and  herdsmen  all. 
Thus  if  the  maiden  still  untouched  remains 
Then  she  a  sad  old  age  uncared  for  gains. 
But  if  she  wedded  be  in  season  due 
Then  her  with  more  love  will  her  husband  view, 
And  less  the  maid  will  to  her  mother  be 
Object  of  scorn  and  hateful  jealousy  : 
Then  do  not  thou  'gainst  such  a  husband  strive 
With  him  thy  father's  self  gives  thee  to  wive. 
Thy  mother,  too,  whose  words  thou  must  obey. 
Nor  is  it  right  such  bidding  to  gainsay. 
Remember  that  thou  art  not  all  thine  own, 
Two  shares  thy  parents  have,  a  third  alone 
Is  thine ;  forbear  against  their  will  to  fight. 
Thy  lord  succeeds  now  to  thy  parent's  right.  (4) 
Come  Hymen,  Hymenaeus  present  be. 
When  ardent  lovers  call  aloud  on  thee. 


CARMEN  LXIII. — ATYS. 

Atys  borne  in  swiftly-flying  bark  over  depths  unfathomable 
Reached    the  Phrygian   grove  with  eager  footstep  hurrying 

passionately. 
And  approached  the  haunt  of  Cybele  girt  about  with  forests 

darkening. 
There  with  furious  madness  raging  all  his  mind  bewildered 

wandering 
He  with  flintstone  sharpened  cut  and  dashed  to  the  ground  his 

part  of  manhood : 
Then  a  woman  made,  she  felt  her  limbs  grow  weak  with 

effeminacy. 
While  the  ground  with  gore  bedabbled  showed  the  red  blood- 
stain freshly  shed. 
She  with  snow-white  hands  the  timbrel  seized,  O  thou  mighty 

mother  Cybele, 
Thine  the  timbrel,  thine  the  trumpet,  symbols  of  thy  initiation. 
And  with  tender  fingers  smiting  on  the  hollow  resonant  bull's 

hide. 
Thus  began   to  her  companions  with  wild  tones  thrillingly 

quivering : 
"  Come  ye  Gallae,  me  attend  ye  to  the  groves  of  great  Cybele, 
Go  ye,  too,  wild  wandering  herds  of  our  dread  goddess  Din- 

dymian, 
Ye  who,  as  a  tribe  of  exiles  seek  far  regions  inhospitable. 


^ 


70 


Catullus, 


Have  my  rule  and  guidance  followed,  O  my  comrades  to  me 

devoted, 
Who  have  crossed  careering  billows,  and  the  boisterous  waste 

of  sea, 
And  from  utter  hate  of  Venus  have  your  bodies  emasculated. 
Now  rejoice  our  mighty  mistress  with  your  gyrations  impetuous, 
Thoughts  of  slow  delay  abandon,  come,  and  follow  me  as  your 

guide, 
To  the  Phrygian  home  of  Cybele,  to  the  Phrygian  goddess' 

grove, 
Where  the  clash  of  cymbals  call  you,  where  the  timbrels  echo 

afar, 
Where  the  Phrygian  through  the  curved  reed  whistles  low 

with  his  droning  flute, 
Where  the  Maenads  wildly  dancing  toss  abroad  their  heads 

ivy-crowned, 
Where  they  ply  their  hallowed  mysteries  with   ear-piercing 

ululations, 
Where  the  train  of  great  Cybelle  flit  like  birds  wheeling  aerially, 
Thither  must  we  hasten,   thither  in   quick-dancing  mystic 

measure." 
Thus  she  sung  to  her  companions,  Atys  the  woman  newly 

made. 
Of  a  sudden  all  the  rout  with  quivering  tongues  began  their 

yelling. 
Bellow  back  the  timbrels  light,  the  hollow  cymbals  echoing  ring. 


Catullus, 


71 


And  with  eager  feet  the  chorus  rush  to  ascend  green  Ida's 
hUl. 

With  them  raging,  breathless,  wandering,  all  her  mind  dis- 
traught with  madness 

Atys  with  the  timbrel  hurries  through  all  darkening  groves 
their  guide. 

As  the  steer  unbroken  flees  the  burden  ponderous  of  the  yoke. 

Her  their  leader  quick  the  Gallae  follow  with  feet  rapidly 
hastening. 

So    o'erwearied,    spent    with    labour,    reach    they   Cybele's 
sanctuary, 

Then  they  sink  in  heavy  slumber,  fasting,  fainting  with  a  dire 
hunger. 

0*er  their  eyes  a  drowsy  torpor  sinks  with  languor  over- 
powering. 

Rest  in  placid  sleep  their  bosoms  from  the  fury  which  had 
possessed  them. 

But  when  rose  the  golden   sun  with   bright  orb  gleaming 
radiantly. 

Lighting  up  the  aether  white,  hard  ground,  and  sea  ruthlessly 
ravening 

Trampling  out  the  shades   of  night  with  his  fresh  horses 
thunderous-hoofed, 

Atys  woke,  and  sleep  departed,  rapidly  vanishing  away. 

And  Pasithea's   trembling  bosom  once   more   received   the 
drowsy  god.  (i) 


72 


Catullus, 


Catullus, 


73 


Then  thus  wakened  from  her  quiet  rest  her  raging  frenzy 

assuaged 
To  her  mind  the  act  of  madness,  all  the  deed  she  had  done 

returned, 
Then  unblinded    saw  she  where    her  dwelling,   what    her 

ignominy, 
Bent  again  her  footsteps  seaward,  her  soul  seething  piteously. 
Then  with  streaming  eyes  beholding  ocean's  plain  illimitable. 
Thus  with  mournful  voice  addressed  her  country,  moaning 

miserably, 
"  O  my  country  who  didst  bear,  me,  thou  my  country  wht) 

didst  beget  me, 
I,  poor  wretch,  I  thee  abandoned,  as  his  lord  a  fugitive  slave, 
And  to  wooded  heights  and  groves  of  Ida  hurried  precipitously. 
There  to  dwell  in  snowy  regions,  ice-frozen  haunts  of  beasts 

wild-roving. 
All  their  savage  lairs  to  visit,  driven  by  madness  deliriously. 
Where  art  thou  my  country,  'neath  what  point  of  sky  shall  I 

picture  thee  ? 
For  my  very  eyeballs  long  to  bend  their  agonized  gaze  towards 

thee, 
While  my  mind  from  raging  frenzy  is  but  a  moment  respited. 
Far  from  home  I  loved  so  dearly  shall  I  then  through  these 

forests  wander 
From   my  country,   wealth,  and  friends,   and   parents   ever 

separated, 


(■" 


Parted  from  the  forum's  triumphs,  from  the  race  course  ever 

and  aye. 
Parted,  too,  from  the  palaestra,  from  the  gymnasium,  ah,  the 

misery ! 
Woe   on  woe,  my  soul  must  ever  pour  forth   in    anguish 

lamentations. 
All  the  charms  of  manly  beauty  once  were  mine,  my  body 

gracing 
Youth  and  boyhood,  age  and  manhood  all  were  forms  most 

lovely  in  me.  (2) 
Me  the  flower  of  the  palaestra,  me  the  gymnasium's  pride  and 

glory. 

Mine    the    portals    crowded    ever,    mine    the    thresholds 

hospitable, 
Mine    the    house    o'erhung  with    garlands,    lovers*  flowery 

memorials, 
When  the  sun  arose  in  heaven,  and  from  my  chamber  forth  I 

sallied. 
Now  shall  I  to  gods  devoted  stray  the  bondsman  of  Cybele  ? 
I  be  Maenas,  half  my  old  self,  I  a  man  unfruitful,  barren  ? 
I   inhabit   wooded   Ida    clothed    with    chilling    mantle    of 

snow? 
I  drag  out  a  weary  lifetime  under  the  lofty  Phrygian  hill-crags  ? 
Where  the  forest  deer  inhabit,  and  boar  savage  woodland-ranger. 
Now  I  feel  my  shame,  at  last  now  sharp    remorse  with 

misery  racks  me." 


«• 


1 


r 


74 


Catullus. 


Such   the    sounds  she  uttered,    wailing  from  her  womanly 

roseate  lips. 
Straight  her  moaning  reached  the  god's  ears,  wild  sounds 

strange  and  unexpected. 
Then  her  lions  great  Cybelle  from  her  chariot  unyoked. 
With  her  goad  the  flock-destroyer  yoked  on  the  left  she  struck 

and  urged  him, 
"  Rouse  thee,  rouse  thee  in  thy  fierceness,  go,  and  that  wretch 

with  fury  maddening 

With  the  stroke  of  frantic  madness,  drive  to  the  forest  hence 
departing. 

Who  in  freedom   from   my  service  now  dares  hope  to  be 

liberated. 
Rouse  thee,  goad  thyself  to  anger,  lash  thine  own  sides  furiously, 
Let  the  vales  resound  on  all  sides  with  thy  roars  reverberated, 
Shake  thy  tawny  mane  terrific  on  thy  sinewy  neck  to  fright  him." 
Thus  Cybelle  threatening  uttered  loosing  the  yoke  with  rapid 

gesture. 

Then  the  lion  roused  to  wildness  spurred  himself  to  raging 
frenzy. 

Started     roaring,    burst    the     brushwood    with    feet     flying 
precipitously. 

Soon  he  came  to  where  the  sea-waves  dashed  on  the  whitening 
coast  in  foam. 

There  he  saw  the  tender  Atys  standing  hard  by  the  plain  of 
ocean, 


Catullus, 


75 


Launched  himself  upon  him  bounding,  but  to  the  forest  wild 

with  terror 
Atys  darted,  there  his  whole  life  served  as  a  votary  to  Cybele. 
O  divine  and  awful  mother,  mighty  mistress  of  Dindymus, 
From  my  house  be  kept  the  frenzy,  terrible  goddess,  by  thee 

inspired, 
Others  hound  thou  on  to  madness,  others  to  dire  insanity 

goad. 


CARMEN    LXIV. — THE   MARRIAGE   OF   PELEUS   AND   THETIS. 

Of  old,  as  bards  relate,  a  ship  of  pine. 

Grown  where  the  lofty  crest  of  Pelion  stands. 

Traversed  the  realm  of  Neptune,  waste  of  brine, 

To  Phasis'  waves,  and  great  Aetes'  lands,  (i) 

A  chosen  band  of  youths,  an  Argive  crew, 

To  win  the  Fleece,  and  Colchian  scenes  to  view, 

Dared  through  the  salt  sea  waves  undaunted  sweep 

With  oars  of  pine  ploughing  the  azure  deep. 

Pallas  herself  who  ever  doth  retain 

In  each  proud  citadel  her  sacred  fane. 

The  car  which  flew  before  the  scudding  breeze 

Constructed,  welding  to  the  curved  keel 

The  pine-beams,  thus  the  inexperienced  seas 

First  taught  the  rapid  rush  of  barks  to  feel 


76 


Catullus. 


When  through  the  crested  waves  the  ship's  prow  broke, 

And  seethed  the  foam  beneath  the  rowers'  stroke. 

Then  eager  faces  peered  from  billows  white, 

Faces  of  Nereids  wondering  at  the  sight, 

And  then  it  was  that  mortal  eyes  could  scan 

— Such  sight  had  ne'er  before  been  seen  by  man — 

Fair  naked  forms,  round  which  the  billows  rave. 

With  white  breasts  glistening  o'er  the  tossing  wave, 

And  then  for  love  of  Thetis  Peleus  burned. 

Nor  was  his  mortal  love  by  Thetis  spumed. 

Great  Jove  himself  assented  to  the  tie, 

Such  was  the  grace  of  gods  who  dwelt  on  high. 

O  race  of  heroes,  whom  the  earth  did  bear 

In  golden  ages,  blest  beyond  compare. 

Hail  thou  great  race  of  ancestry  divine ! 

All  hail  thou  too,  our  mother  earth  benign, 

Full  oft  will  I  accost  ye  in  my  strain. 

Thee,  too,  great  guardian  of  Thessalia's  plain 

Peleus,  most  honoured  in  thy  marriage  when 

Great  Jove  himself  the  king  of  gods  and  men 

Gave  up  to  thee  his  claim  to  Thetis'  love 

And  thee  a  mortal  matched  with  gods  above.  (2) 

Didst  thou  that  lovely  offspring  of  the  sea 

Possess,  and  Tethys  give  her  child  to  thee, 

And  Ocean  who  surrounds  the  earth's  wide  plain 

Consent  that  thou  his  daughter's  love  should'st  gain  ? 


1 


Catullus, 


\ 


77 


When  the  revolving  year  brought  round  the  time 

For  Peleus'  nuptials,  then  Thessalia's  clime 

Poured  forth  her  joyous  throngs.     The  palace  stands 

Crowded  with  guests  and  mirthful  wedding  bands. 

Rich  gifts  they  bring :  joy  shines  in  every  face. 

All  come  the  marriage  of  their  prince  to  grace. 

Scyros  they  leave,  and  Tempe's  lovely  glen, 

Larissa,  Crannon  are  deserted  then.  (3) 

Pharsalus  sees  them  crowding  through  her  gate  : 

The  land  lies  fallow  :  lazy  steers  await 

At  ease  the  unused  yoke  ;  no  pruner  now 

Checks  the  wild  growth  of  leafy  forest  bough. 

No  gardener  now  the  vine  with  curved  prong  clears, 

No  ox  deep  furrows  through  the  upland  tears. 

Rotted  with  rust  the  plough-shares  idle  stand, 

No  sound  of  toil  is  heard  throughout  the  land. 

But  in  the  palace  what  a  splendour  glows  ! 

Rich  gold  and  silver  in  refulgent  rows 

In  every  furthest  nook,  while  thrones  gleam  white 

With  ivory,  and  cups  reflect  the  light 

In  glittering  order  on  the  festive  board 

Brilliant  with  treasure  such  as  kings  afford. 

And  in  the  mansion's  centre,  lo  !  there  stands 

The  genial  couch,  the  work  of  cunning  hands. 

Whose  polished  ivory  attracts  the  view, 

O'erlaid  with  cloth  of  brilliant  purple  hue. 


78 


Catullus, 


Catullus, 


/' 


79 


Here  on  the  coverlet's  rich  ample  fold 

Figures  of  men  are  seen,  heroes  of  old, 

And  deeds  performed  by  mighty  ones  of  yore 

Enwrought  with  art.     Here  on  the  Naxian  shore  (4) 

Lone  Ariadne  watches  Theseus'  sails 

Sink  on  the  ocean,  borne  by  favouring  gales  : 

Scarce  can  she  trust  her  eyes,  which  see  her  guest 

Faithless  departing,  and  her  maddened  breast    • 

Throbs  with  despairing  rage,  while  round  her  lies 

The  beach  which  met  her  half-awakened  eyes 

Deserted,  when  she  first  from  treacherous  sleep 

Arose  in  loneliness  \  but  on  the  deep 

Meanwhile  the  flying  traitor  plies  the  oar. 

His  vows  are  scattered  to  the  careless  wind. 

She  stands  amid  the  sea-weed  on  the  shore 

Like  some  carved  stone  Bacchante,  while  her  mind 

Tosses  on  waves  of  woe  which  ever  rise, 

Still  gazing  seawards  with  despairing  eyes ; 

Her  yellow  hair  streams  wild,  the  coif  unbound. 

Her  sashes  loosed  her  swelling  bosom  show. 

Her  garments  slip  unheeded  to  the  ground. 

The  salt  waves  catch  and  toss  them  to  and  fro ; 

What  recks  she  of  her  coif  or  loosened  zone  ? 

Theseus  and  her  sad  fate  she  heeds  alone. 

Her  mind  distracted  no  fair  hope  can  show. 

Her  soul  is  lost  in  labyrinths  of  woe. 


Unhappy  maiden  !  on  that  fatal  day 

When  Theseus  came,  the  monster's  destined  prey. 

From  curved  Piraeus,  with  the  doomed  band, 

And  reached  the  stem  Gortynian  monarch's  land,  (5 

Then  her  the  goddess  struck  with  love's  fell  dart,  (6) 

And  sowed  the  seeds  of  sorrow  in  her  heart 

For  thus  they  tell  the  tale ;  a  cruel  jest 

Avenged  the  murder  of  the  stranger  guest. 

The  son  of  Minos,  and  the  sire  decreed 

That  chosen  youths,  and  maids  of  tender  age. 

Should  every  year  atone  the  shameless  deed, 

And  fall  mute  victims  to  the  monster's  rage. 

Sore  lay  this  fate  upon  the  dwindling  town 

Till  Theseus'  mighty  soul  did  pity  swell, 

And  he  himself  a  victim  would  lay  down 

His  life  for  Athens,  which  he  loved  so  well, 

And  thus  would  stay  the  doom  for  evermore 

Which  sent  the  living-dead  to  Greta's  shore. 

So  pressing  on  with  favouring  gales  he  came 

To  haughty  Minos'  court  of  princely  fame. 

Him  saw  with  eager  glance  the  royal  maid — 

Nursed  in  her  mother's  tender  arms  she  lay 

On  her  chaste  bed,  in  beauty's  charms  arrayed, 

Like  flowers  glowing  'neath  the  spring  sun's  ray ; 

Delicious  odours  round  her  filled  the  air. 

Such  on  Eurotas'  banks  the  myrtles  bear.  (7) 

H 


8o 


Catullus, 


Nor  did  she  turn  from  him  her  longing  eyes 

Till  every  fibre  of  her  being  thrilled, 

Fired  with  immortal  love  which  never  dies, 

And  all  her  soul  a  burning  passion  filled. 

O  thou  dread  love,  who  with  a  cruel  heart 

The  cause  of  all  distracted  madness  art, 

Thou  youthful  god,  who  minglest  joy  with  teen, 

And  thou  of  Golgi's  town  the  Cyprian  queen  ! 

With  what  a  sea  of  woe  have  ye  opprest 

The  maiden  sighing  for  her  fair-haired  guest ! 

How  sinks  her  heart,  fainting  with  nameless  fear  ! 

More  yellow-pale  than  gold  her  cheeks  appear. 

When  with  the  monster  nobly  to  contend 

Theseus  departed,  there  to  meet  his  end 

Slain  for  his  country,  or  to  win  fair  fame 

And  live  for  ever  with  a  deathless  name. 

What  unvoiced  vows  and  promises  she  made, 

All,  all  in  vain,  imploring  heaven's  aid. 

Her  vows  availed  the  hero  chief  to  save, 

But  fatal  were,  alas !  to  her  who  gave. 

For  as  the  hurricane's  wild  whirling  force 

Uproots  the  lofty  oak  or  resinous  fir 

Which  crashing  falls,  and  in  its  earthward  course 

Involves  in  ruin  all  things  far  and  near ; 

So  fell  the  monster  after  direful  fight. 

His  savage  strength  o'ercome  by  Theseus'  might, 


i\ 


\ 


y 


/ 


Catzclhcs, 


Prostrate  he  lies,  with  Theseus  o'er  him  there, 
His  tossing  horns  wound  but  the  empty  air. 
The  hero  saved  from  death  his  path  retraced, 
And  through  the  labyrinth's  long  windings  paced, 
Holding  the  clue  for  fear  his  footsteps  stray 
And  in  the  mazy  puzzle  lose  their  way. 
But  why  desert  the  subject  of  my  song 
To  tell  of  hapless  Ariadne's  wrong  ? 
How,  leaving  father,  mother,  sisters,  home, 
With  Theseus  on  the  ocean  wave  to  roam. 
She  e'en  forgetful  of  her  mother's  woe. 
Whose  love  her  wild  despairing  wails  could  show. 
Preferred  the  joys  which  faithless  Theseus  swore, 
And  with  him  fled  to  Naxos'  wave-beat  shore, 
Where  waked  one  morning  as  in  sleep  she  lay 
She  saw  her  treacherous  lover  sail  away. 
Shrill  cries  she  uttered,  so  the  story  goes. 
Rage  and  despair  her  heaving  bosom  shows ; 
Full  oft  would  she  the  rugged  hills  ascend 
Her  gaze  on  ocean's  wide  expanse  to  bend. 
Or  rush  to  meet  the  salt  waves  as  they  rise 
Lifting  her  raiment  soft  to  bare  her  thighs. 
And  her  last  moan  she  made,  while  tears  exprest, 
And  sobs,  the  tumult  of  her  anguished  breast. 
"  And  is  it  thus,  perfidious  wretch,  that  here 
Thou  leavest  me  upon  this  island  drear  ? 


/ 

!.9if 


«k 


/ 


1 


Catullus, 


i 


Me,  who  for  thee  left  fatherland  and  home  ; 

Wilt  thou  then  bear  the  perjury  of  my  doom 

Back  to  thy  country,  and  from  hence  depart,  . 

The  gods  neglected,  with  unfeeling  heart  ? 

Can  nothing  change  thy  cruel  reckless  mind, 

Does  no  fond  pity  yet  remain  behind  ? 

Not  these  the  promises  thou  once  did'st  make 

When  I  abandoned  all  for  Theseus'  sake. 

Wretch  that  I  am !  ah,  never  was  it  this 

Thou  told'st  me  of,  but  longed-for  marriage  bliss. 

And  Hymen's  joys,  but  all  that  thou  did'st  swear 

Is  scattered  to  the  vain  and  wandering  air. 

Henceforth  let  no  confiding  woman  trust 

The  oaths  of  men,  they  swear  but  for  their  lust. 

And  when  they  wish  to  win,  no  vows  they  spare. 

They  promise  all  things  to  a  trustful  ear, 

But  when  they've  gained  their  aim,  what  recks  it  then 

Of  broken  vows  or  perjuries  to  men  ? 

For  I,  lest  I  should  wanting  seem  to  thee 

Snatched  thee  from  out  the  whirling  pool  of  death, 

And  chose  to  lose  a  brother,  and  for  me  (8) 

This  the  reward,  and  this  thy  plighted  faith, 

That  I  should  die,  and  it  should  be  my  doom 

To  lie  unburied,  no  religious  tomb 

Or  funeral  rites  be  mine,  but  birds  of  prey 

And  savage  beasts  should  tear  my  limbs  away. 


Catullus, 


83 


Wert  thou  beneath  some  lonely  hill  crag  bom 

Of  a  fierce  lioness,  or  did  in  scorn 

The  sea  disgorge  thee  from  the  waves  which  foam. 

Engendered  there  ?  what  Syrtis  was  thy  home  ? 

What  ravening  Scylla  or  Charybdis  wild. 

Who  works  destruction,  owns  thee  as  her  child 

That  thou  requitest  thus  the  boon  of  life  ? 

E'en  hadst  thou  not  desired  me  for  wife, 

From  horror  at  my  father's  grim  decree, 

Could  I  not  then  have  servant  been  to  thee. 

Lived  in  thy  palace  court,  and,  toil  most  blest ! 

Prepared  thy  couch  with  coverlets  for  rest. 

Have  washed  thy  feet,  have  been  thy  humble  slave, 

Ah  how  much  better  than  this  living  grave ! 

But  why  do  I  thus  madly  loud  complain  ? 

The  air  unfeeling  cannot  know  my  pain. 

It  hath  no  ears,  no  tongue  to  answer  back. 

Ah  me  !  e'en  now  he  holds  his  onward  track 

On  the  deep  main,  on  shore  the  sea-weed  lies. 

But  now  no  human  form  can  meet  my  eyes, 

Relentless  fate  e'en  grudges  ears  to  heed 

My  poor  complaint  in  my  extremest  need. 

O  mighty  Jove,  would  that  in  former  time 

Cecropian  barks  had  ne'er  reached  Creta's  clime. 

Would  that  the  faithless  seaman  ne'er  had  moored 

The  ship  which  carried  that  dread  freight  on  board, 


\ 


84 


Catullus, 


— ^The  tribute  to  the  bull  as  yet  untamed, — 

To  Greta's  coast,  and  that  he  ne'er  had  claimed 

Our  friendship,  he  that  villain,  whose  sweet  art 

Hid  deep  the  counsels  of  his  cruel  heart. 

Now  whither  shall  I  go,  what  hope  is  left  ? 

Shall  I  return  to  Crete  of  joy  bereft? 

Alas  !  the  cruel  sea  with  swelling  tides 

Me  from  my  country  evermore  divides, 

How  could  I  hope  my  father's  aid,  whom  I 

Deserted  with  a  stranger  foe  to  fly ! 

Stained  with  the  guilt  of  brother's  blood,  and  he 

My  lover,  has  his  love  still  charms  for  me, 

His  love,  who  bending  now  his  oars  in  flight    . 

Ploughs  the  deep  ocean,  vanished  from  my  sight ! 

The  lonely  island  hath  no  shelter  here. 

The  waves  surround  me,  no  escape  is  there, 

No  hope,  no  means  of  flight ;  a  death-like  gloom 

Silent  and  drear  dwells  in  this  living  tomb. 

But  ere  my  eyes  wax  dim  in  death's  dark  night. 

Ere  yet  the  senses  leave  this  wearied  frame, 

The  gods  will  I  invoke  my  wrongs  to  right, 

And  call  upon  the  heavenly  powers  by  name. 

Wherefore,  ye  Furies,  awful  sisters,  who 

Send  upon  men's  misdeeds  the  vengeance  due. 

Ye  now  do  I  accost,  hear  ye  my  prayer. 

Whose  lowering  brows  are  wreathed  with  snaky  hair 


CatuliUS, 


85 


Which  show  the  fury  which  your  bosom  fills. 

Come  hither,  hear  my  piteous  tale  of  ills, 

Which  I  unhappy,  helpless,  mad  with  love. 

Pour  forth,  your  ruth  with  truthful  words  to  move. 

And  since  my  words  are  true,  let  not  my  wail 

Be  disregarded  as  an  idle  tale, 

But  may  that  savage  heart  which  Theseus  bore. 

Which  left  me  lonely  on  this  desert  shore. 

Involve  in  ruin  him  and  all  his  race. 

Grant  me,  dread  goddesses,  at  least  this  grace." 

Such  wail  she  uttered  from  her  mournful  breast, 

Invoking  vengeance  on  her  cruel  guest. 

The  mighty  Thunderer  his  dread  assent 

Nodded  propitious,  and  the  sound  was  sent 

Through  earth's  wide  plains,  and  ocean's  waves  afar. 

And  shook  through  heaven's  vault  each  glittering  star. 

Blank  darkness  on  the  mind  of  Theseus  fell. 

His  sire's  injunction  which  he  learned  so  well 

And  kept  with  constant  heart,  he  now  forgot. 

No  sail  was  hoisted  to  announce  his  lot. 

To  show  the  son  escaped  the  monster's  rage. 

Alive  returned  to  bless  his  father's  age. 

For,  as  the  story  goes,  when  first  the  fleet 

Left  Athens'  port  divine,  and  sailed  for  Crete, 

Old  -^geus  ere  the  parting  yet  was  done 

Gave  such  injunction  to  his  gallant  son. 


11..— n— r'l-^T  -n  t  _p  --     -  —  *»   ■ 


86 


Catullus, 


"  My  child  beloved,  my  only  child,  more  dear 
Than  length  of  life  through  many  a  rolling  year, 
Restored  thy  sire's  declining  years  to  bless. 
Whom  now  I  send  to  face  grim  danger's  stress. 
Since  fortune,  and  for  fame  thy  generous  glow. 
Now  snatch  thee  from  me,  loath  to  let  thee  go 
For  not  yet  have  these  eyes  enjoyed  their  fill 
Of  gazing  on  thee  ;  it  is  heaven's  will. 
But  with  no  joyful  heart  I  bid  thee  go. 
Nor  shalt  thou  signals  of  good  fortune  show. 
But  first  will  I  pour  forth  my  wails  and  tears, 
With  scattered  dust  defile  my  aged  hairs. 
Then  will  I  hang  sails  of  a  dusky  hue 
Upon  thy  mast  that  all  our  grief  may  view — 
Iberian  sails  stained  with  a  rust-like  dye, 
Sign  of  my  woe,  my  burning  agony. 
But  if  the  goddess  of  Itone's  shrine  (9) 
Who  erst  our  race  and  Athens'  walls  divine 
Swore  to  defend,  shall  grant  this  grace  to  thee, 
To  slay  the  monster  and  the  land  set  free. 
Then  keep  this  bidding  in  a  constant  heart, 
Nor  from  thy  memory  let  my  words  depart ; 
When  first  the  Athenian  hills  shall  meet  thy  view 
Put  off  the  yards  the  sails  of  dusky  hue. 
And  let  the  cordage  hoist  fair  canvas  white. 
That  when  the  wished-for  ship  shall  meet  my  sight, 


Catullus, 


87 


Then  I  may  know,  while  joy  shall  fill  my  mind 
Of  thy  return,  a  prosperous  age  to  find." 
This  bidding  Theseus  with  obedience  due 
Had  minded,  but  as  clouds  through  the  deep  blue 
Driven  by  winds  leave  the  hill-tops  behind, 
So  passed  his  sire's  behest  from  Theseus'  mind. 
Meanwhile  old  -^geus,  bowed  with  anxious  fears. 
Wasting  his  eyes  with  never-ceasing  tears. 
From  the  high  battlements  of  Pallas'  fane. 
Scanning  with  longing  eyes  the  watery  plain. 
Soon  as  he  saw  the  dark  sail  on  the  sea 
Threw  himself  headlong,  thinking  sure  that  he 
His  son  had  fallen  low  by  cruel  fate. 
So  Theseus  entered  the  ancestral  gate 
Of  his  proud  palace  with  a  mourning  train. 
And  thus  returned  upon  his  head  again 
The  woe  he  wrought  on  Naxos'  rocky  shore, 
When  him  the  ship  from  Minos'  daughter  bore. 
She  the  meanwhile  the  fast  receding  bark 
Watching  remains,  a  prey  to  anguish  dark. 

The  other  side  fair  Bacchus  meets  our  view. 
And  with  him  come  a  quaint  Satyric  crew. 
And  Nysa-bom  Sileni  with  him  rove,  (10) 
Thee,  Ariadne,  seeking  fired  with  love. 
Evoe,  lo  !  they  shout  with  frenzied  strain, 
Wild-dancing,  till  the  rocks  resound  again, 


\ 


\/ 


^v/ 


88 


Caiulltis. 


Catullus. 


89 


^    X 


/ 
Some  thyrses  ivy-pointed  loudly  shake, 
And  some  the  limbs  of  oxen  rend  and  tear, 
Some  twist  about  their  heads  the  writhing  snake. 
While  others  dark  mysterious  emblems  bear 
In  hollow  chests.     The  vulgar  crowd  in  vain 
Aspire  the  knowledge  of  these  rites  to  gain  ; 
Some  dash  the  timbrel  with  extended  hand, 
Or  on  the  rounded  brass  soft  sounds  command, 
The  pipes  shrill  squeak ;  anon  the  trumpets  blare 
And  fill  with  horrid  din  the  noisy  air. 

Figures  like  these  upon  the  polished  bed 
The  coverlet  with  richest  hues  displayed. 
And  when  the  guests  had  gazed  their  fill,  their  place 
Was  ta'en  by  noble  forms  of  godlike  race. 
As  when  with  gentle  breath  the  zephyr  stirs 
The  tranquil  sea,  when  Eos  first  appears 
Hard  by  the  threshold  of  the  journeying  sun, 
The  plashing  waves  before  the  breezes  run 
With  rippling  laughter,  soon  the  fresh  wind's  might 
Drives  the  crisp  rows  more  frequent  to  the  sight 
Which  floating  far  gleam  back  the  purple  light, 
So  they  departing  gleam,  each  on  his  road, 
And  leave  the  threshold  of  the  king's  abode. 
To  them  succeeds  foremost  amid  the  throng 
Old  Chiron  bearing  sylvan  gifts  along,  (n) 
Come  from  high  Pelion's  crest,  his  basket  fills 


( 


All  the  rich  produce  of  Thessalian  hills, 
Flowers,  too,  he  bears,  such  as  near  running  rills 
Grow  nurtured  by  the  warm  Favonian  air. 
In  mingled  chaplets  wrought  with  tender  care — 
The  smiling  mansion  filled  with  fragrance  sweet. 
With  pleasant  laughter  seems  his  gifts  to  greet 
Next  comes  Peneus  from  green  Tempers  glade,  (12) 
Which  hanging  woods  surround  with  darkling  shade, 
Tempe  he  leaves  and  Nessos*  waters,  where 
To  Dorian  strains  dance  bands  of  maidens  fair ; 
Nor  comes  he  empty-handed.     The  tall  bay 
And  stately  beech  with  roots  all  torn  away, 
The  waving  cypress  and  the  nodding  plane 
And  Phaethon's  sister,  so  the  poets  feign 
The  slight  and  limber  poplar — bearing  these 
He  comes,  and  plants  the  house  around  with  trees. 
That  so  the  porch,  bedecked  with  wavy  green. 
Should  glimmer  through  a  pleasant  leafy  screen. 
Next  sage  Prometheus  comes  of  ancient  race. 
The  marks  of  his  dread  doom  the  eye  can  trace. 
Who  erst  of  heaven's  fierce  wrath  endured  the  shock, 
Hanging  with  chained  limbs  from  rugged  rock. 
Then  comes  from  heaven  the  sire  of  gods  and  men, 
With  him  his  spouse  divine ;  thee,  Phoebus,  then 
Alone  he  leaves  in  heaven's  wide  spacious  plains, 
With  thee  thine  only  sister  too  remains, 


A 


\ 


90 


\ 


t 


Cattcllus, 


Whose  favourite  shrine  on  Idrus'  summit  stands,  (13) 
She,  too,  with  thee  despised  the  nuptial  bands 
Which  joined  fair  Thetis  and  brave  Peleus'  hands. 
Now  when  the  gods  their  snowy  limbs  reclined. 
The  board  was  filled  with  cheer  of  various  kind, 
Meanwhile  the  Parcse,  trembling,  bent  with  years, 
Chaunting  begin  to  utter  fate  aloud  : 
Rose-coloured  fillets  bind  their  snowy  hairs. 
White  robes  with  purple  hem  their  figures  shroud. 
Working  for  ever  at  the  web  of  doom. 
The  aye-unceasing  labour  of  the  loom. 
Their  left  hands  hold  the  distaff,  while  the  wool 
Runs  swift  and  smooth  around  the  whirling  spool, 
Formed  with  upturned  fingers ;  while  their  thumbs 
Bent  downwards  twist  the  fibre  as  it  comes. 
The  ends  to  equal  with  their  teeth  they  bite, 
With  woolly  threads  their  withered  lips  are  white ; 
Before  their  feet,  baskets  of  osiers  stand 
To  hold  the  fleeces,  and  the  mystic  band 
Drawing  the  thread,  sing  with  clear-sounding  cry 
The  song  of  fate,  the  chaunt  of  doom  on  high. 
Which  no  succeeding  age  should  falsify : 
"  Hear  thou  great  lord,  whose  deeds  of  valour  claim 
A  newer  glory  for  thy  princely  name. 
Most  glorious  in  thy  son  that  is  to  be. 
Hear  what  the  sisters  now  reveal  to  thee. 


/ 


Catullus, 


91 


A  truthful  oracle  on  this  glad  day. 
Hear,  thou  of  Thessaly  the  prop  and  stay.  (14) 
And  ye  by  whom  the  doom  of  men  is  sped 
Run  spindles,  run,  draw  out  the  fateful  thread. 

"  Lo  Hesperus  draws  nigh  ;  the  joys  of  love 
Which  every  eager  bridegroom  pants  to  prove. 
Attend  him,  for  behold  thy  matchless  bride 
Comes  with  the  lucky  star  to  seek  thy  side. 
With  thee  prepares  to  join  in  languorous  rest. 
Soothing  with  joy  thy  love-tormented  breast. 
Placing  her  tender  arms  beneath  thy  head. 
Run  spindles,  run,  draw  out  the  fateful  thread. 

"  Ne'er  were  such  lovers  joined  beneath  one  roof. 
Ne'er  was  love  seen  of  such  a  mighty  proof. 
Ne'er  did  a  mutual  flame  such  influence  shed. 
As  when  brave  Peleus  did  with  Thetis  wed. 
Run  spindles,  run,  draw  out  the  fateful  thread. 


"  To  you  the  great  Achilles  shall  be  born. 
Whose  grand  heroic  soul  all  fear  shall  scorn. 
Who  on  the  ranging  course  full  oft  shall  gain 
The  crown  of  victory,  and  along  the  plain 
Than  the  light-bounding  stag  more  swift  shall  be, 
Whose  flying  back  no  foeman  ere  shall  see. 


\ 


/ 


92 


Catullus, 


Whose  fiery  front  shall  fill  men's  minds  with  dread. 
Run  spindles,  run,  draw  out  the  fateful  thread. 

"  With  him  no  hero  ever  shall  compare 
When  Phrygia's  plains  with  Trojan  gore  run  red, 
When  Pelops'  grandson  after  lingering  war  (15) 
Shall  o'er  Troy's  citadel  destruction  spread. 
Run  spindles,  run,  draw  out  the  fateful  thread. 

"  Mothers  who  mourn  their  sons  his  deeds  shall  own, 
The  matchless  valour  given  to  him  alone, 
Beating  the  withered  breast,  while  tears  they  shed, 
Casting  foul  ashes  on  the  whitened  head. 

Run  spindles,  run,  draw  out  the  fateful  thread. 

"  As  'neath  a  burning  sun  the  reaper  mows 
The  whitening  crops  close-set  in  standing  rows. 
Thus  shall  he  pile  the  plain  with  Trojan  dead. 
Run  spindles,  run,  draw  out  the  fateful  thread. 

"  Scamander's  waves  his  courage  fierce  shall  show, 
Whose  stream  joins  Hellespont's  swift  whirling  flow. 
His  water  choked  with  heap  of  Trojan  slain, 
Shall  warm  with  gore  run  to  the  ensanguined  main. 
Such  slaughter  shall  the  mighty  warrior  spread. 
Run  spindles,  run,  draw  out  the  fateful  thread. 


Catullus, 


93 


"  Last  witness  to  his  worth,  that  virgin  fair  (16) 
Whose  snowy  limbs  the  tomb  heaped  high  in  air 
Shall  on  its  lofty  rounded  summit  bear. 
Shall  fall  a  sacrifice  by  fate  most  dread. 

Run  spindles,  run,  draw  out  the  fateful  thread. 

"  For  when  the  wearied  Greeks  by  fortune's  aid 
Shall  seize  the  citadel  which  Neptune  made, 
Then  shall  the  tomb  be  reddened  with  the  gore 
Of  her  whom  Hecuba  to  Priam  bore  : 
Headless  she  falls,  meekly  she  yields  her  life. 
Like  helpless  victim  'neath  the  two-edged  knife, 
To  appease  the  hero's  ghost  her  blood  is  shed. 
Run  spindles,  run,  draw  out  the  fateful  thread. 

"  Come  join  the  loves  for  which  ye  long  have  sighed. 
Let  mortal  lover  take  immortal  bride, 
The  goddess  share  the  eager  husband's  bed. 
Run  spindles,  run,  draw  out  the  fateful  thread. 

"  Soon  shall  the  nurse  essay  in  vain  to  bind  (17) 
The  string  which  erst  the  maid's  fair  neck  confined. 
The  fruit  of  joys  which  Hymen's  might  hath  sped. 
Run  spindles,  run,  draw  out  the  fateful  thread. 

"  Nor  shall  the  mother  fear  lest  mutual  hate 
Divide  the  matron  from  her  loving  mate. 


\ 


94 


Catullus. 


Catullus. 


95 


Nor  shall  she  failure  of  fair  offspring  dread. 
Run  spindles,  run,  draw  out  the  fateful  thread. 

Thus  the  weird  sisters  Peleus'  happy  fate 
With  omen  good  in  song  did  celebrate : 
For  in  those  days,  when  men  the  gods  on  high 
Still  feared,  and  worshipped  with  due  piety, 
The  gods  the  homes  of  men  would  not  despise. 
And  oft  were  seen  on  earth  by  mortal  eyes. 
Full  oft,  revisiting  from  realms  above 
His  glittering  temples  would  the  mighty  Jove 
See,  when  the  sacred  festival  came  round, 
A  hundred  bulls  fall  low  upon  the  ground. 
Full  oft  would  Bacchus  from  Parnassus'  crest 
Descend,  and  drive  before  a  noisy  rout 
Of  dancing  Thyads,  with  god-maddened  breast 
And  hair  unbound,  yelling  with  frenzied  shout. 
Them  would  all  Delphi  eager  rush  to  meet. 
And  the  lov'd  god  with  smoking  altars  greet, 
Oft,  'mid  death-bearing  strife,  would  Mars  appear. 
Or  she  whose  fame  is  built  on  Trito's  mere,  (i8) 
Or  the  Rhamnusian  maid,  and  arm^d  bands  (19) 
Would  urge  to  combat  with  divine  commands. 
But  when  the  earth  with  direful  guilt  was  stained. 
When  in  men's  minds  no  justice  yet  remained. 
When  blood  in  fratricidal  strife  was  shed, 
When  sons  forgot  to  mourn  their  parents  dead, 


When  for  his  child's  swift  fate  the  father  sighed,  (20) 

That  he  might  win  his  first  bom*s  promised  bride. 

When  the  incestuous  mother  sought  to  gain 

Her  son's  embrace,  unconscious  of  the  stain. 

And  feared  not  to  defile  the  household  fane.  (21) 

All  right  and  wrong  in  dire  confusion  blent 

With  guilt's  fell  madness  in  men's  bosoms  sent. 

Turned  the  just  minds  of  righteous  gods  away. 

And  thus  it  is  that  in  the  light  of  day 

No  mortal  eyes  a  god  can  ever  greet, 

No  throngs  of  men  are  graced  by  godlike  feet. 


CARMEN  LXV. — TO  HORTALUS. 

Although  deep  care  and  wearing  woe 

Me  from  the  leam'd  Nine  sever. 
My  Hortalus,  nor  can  I  show 
The  Muses'  sweet  fruit  ever 
In  verse,  so  mighty  is  the  sea 
Of  sorrow  which  hath  whelmed  me. 

For  lately  the  dark  river 
Of  Lethe,  with  slow-streaming  wave 
My  brother's  pallid  feet  did  lave. 

'Neath  the  Rhaetean  shore  he  lies. 
Earth  weighs  his  lov'd  form  down, 

T 


^ 


96 


Catullus. 


For  ever  vanished  from  our  eyes 

By  Troy's  most  fatal  town. 
Ah  brother  !  shall  I  never  see 
Thy  face  again,  more  loved  by  me 

Than  life  or  all  I  own ; 
Shall  I  again  those  accents  dear 
Thy  deeds  recounting  never  hear  ? 

No,  thou  art  gone  !  but  through  my  days 

I  ne'er  will  cease  to  love, 
Thy  mournful  fate  will  all  my  lays 

With  grief  for  ever  move. 
As  the  bird's  song  'mid  leafy  gloom 
Bewailing  Itys'  direful  doom 

Her  lasting  woe  doth  prove ; 
But  though  such  grief  o'ermasters  me, 
These  lines,  my  friend,  I  '11  send  to  thee. 

Lest  thou  should'st  think  that  from  my  mind 

Thy  words  in  my  distress 
Had  slipped,  as  love's  sweet  gift  confined 

Within  a  maiden's  dress 
Slips,  when  she  starts  upon  her  feet, 
Unhappy,  thoughtless  girl,  to  greet 

Her  mother's  fond  caress, 
O'er  her  face  spreads  the  conscious  blush 
When  falls  the  fruit  with  downward  rush. 


'i 


Catullus. 


97 


, 


CARMEN  LXVL— ON  BERENICE'S  HAIR. 

Conon,  who  hath  observed  the  mighty  skies. 

Where  burning  constellations  set  and  rise, 

Who  all  their  motions  watches  and  can  say 

How  spreading  shades  eclipse  the  hot  sun's  ray, 

And  how  the  stars  in  fixed  procession  move. 

And  how  fair  Trivia  is  detained  by  love 

Beneath  the  Latmian  rocks,  the  while  her  flight 

Wheeling  through  space  is  stayed  by  passion's  might, 

That  Conon  me  did  see  my  radiance  shed, 

Me,  the  curled  lock  from  Berenice's  head. 

Shining  with  heavenly  brilliancy,  whom  she 

To  many  gods  an  offering  to  be 

Did  dedicate,  outstretching  her  smooth  arms, 

That  so  her  lord  might  be  preserved  from  harms. 

For  he  had  gone  with  a  destroying  band, 

A  new-made  husband,  to  the  Assyrian  land, 

Fresh  from  love's  triumphs,  bearing  still  the  scars 

Of  amorous  combats,  and  of  nightly  wars. 

Do  the  new-wedded  Venus  then  despise  ? 

Or  do  those  tears  which  flow  from  virgins'  eyes. 

Tears  upon  bridal  thresholds  shed  destroy. 

Feigned  as  they  are,  the  happy  parents'  joy? 

Nay,  by  the  gods,  untrue  is  all  this  grief. 

This  my  queen  taught  me,  when  the  gallant  chief, 


98 


Catullus, 


Her  husband,  went  to  face  the  battle  grim, 

And  she  was  left  alone  bereft  of  him  ; 

For  then  what  lamentations  forth  she  poured — 

Thou'lt  say  'twas  not  the  absence  of  thy  lord 

And  widowed  couch  that  made  thy  tears  to  flow, 

But  'twas  a  brother's  loss  that  caused  thy  woe ; 

How  so  ?  when  sorrow  did  upon  thee  prey 

And  through  thy  tender  heart  did  eat  its  way. 

Till  thy  soft  breast  was  rack'd  with  direful  pain, 

Nor  did  thy  senses  in  their  seat  remain. 

And  yet  from  childhood  thou  wast  known  to  me 

A  maiden  of  most  noble  mind  to  be, 

Hast  thou  forgotten  that  good  deed  which  won  (i) 

For  thee  a  noble  bridegroom  ?    Ne'er  was  done 

Than  that  a  braver  deed,  but  when  in  woe 

Thou  sentest  forth  thy  lord  abroad  to  go, 

What  words  hung  choked  upon  thy  trembling  tongue. 

While  from  thine  eyes  thy  hands  the  tear-drops  wrung 

What  god  hath  changed  thee  thus  ?  do  lovers  grieve 

When  for  long  absence  they  their  lov'd  ones  leave  ? 

And  then  thou  me,  thy  hair,  for  thy  dear  spouse 

To  all  the  gods  above  with  earnest  vows 

And  blood  of  bulls  didst  dedicate,  if  he 

Should  after  no  long  time  return  to  thee. 

And  should  pursuing  his  victorious  way 

Add  conquered  Asia  to  the  Egyptian  sway. 


I 


Catullus. 


99 


. 


So  now  I  pay  the  vow  that  had  been  given, 
And  shine  amid  the  brilliant  host  of  heaven. 
Unwillingly,  O  queen,  did  I  thy  hair 
Part  from  thy  head,  this  by  thy  head  I  swear. 
And  may  they  who  this  oath  take  lightly  feel 
Due  vengeance,  but  what  force  can  equal  steel  ? 
*  For  steel  o'ertumed  that  hugest  hill  by  far. 
O'er  which  doth  pass  the  sun's  bright  gleaming  car. 
When  through  mount  Athos  sailed  the  Median  fleet. 
And  in  new  channels  did  the  waters  meet 
If  'neath  steel's  strokes  such  mighty  things  can  quail. 
How  could  a  woman's  tender  hair  prevail  ? 
O  Jove,  may  fate  o'ertake  the  Chalyb  race !  (3) 
Or  they  who  first  began  the  veins  to  trace 
Beneath  the  earth,  and  first  from  iron  ore 
Began  to  forge  the  hardened  steel  of  yore  ! 
My  sister-locks  bewailed  me  lost  to  view 
When  through  the  air  with  quivering  wings  there  flew 
The  Ethiop  Memnon's  brother,  the  winged  steed 
Of  Chloris ;  me  aloft  he  bore  with  speed,  (4) 
We  left  Arsinoe's  temple,  and  on  high  (5) 
Traversed  in  rapid  flight  the  ethereal  sky, 

*  Or  if  the  reading  "  Phthiae  "  be  adopted  the  lines  will  run  thus  : 

For  steel  o'ertumed  that  huge  hill  on  the  coast 

O'er  which  was  borne  the  illustrious  Phthian  host.  (2) 


lOO 


Catullus, 


Till  at  the  seat  of  Venus  fair  and  chaste 

Upon  her  bosom  I  the  lock  was  placed. 

For  Zephyritis'  slave  her  message  bore 

To  the  fair  region  on  Canopus'  shore, 

That  not  alone  in  heaven's  wide  varied  plain 

Should  Ariadne's  golden  crown  remain,  (6) 

But  that  I  too  my  brilliant  light  should  shed. 

The  golden  spoils  from  Berenice's  head ; 

So  bathed  in  tears  I  reached  the  fanes  divine 

Where  Venus  did  to  me  a  place  assign 

'Mongst  older  lights  a  new  star ;  where  the  sheen 

Of  Virgo  and  of  Leo  fierce  is  seen, 

And  where  Callisto's  nightly  glories  bum ; 

There  towards  the  west  my  heavenly  course  I  turn, 

Before  Bootes  I  my  place  maintain  (7) 

Who  with  slow  course  sinks  late  into  the  main. 

But  though  the  footsteps  of  the  gods  by  night 

Pass  and  repass  above  my  shining  light. 

By  day  again  to  Tethys  do  I  flee. 

The  white-haired  mistress  of  the  mighty  sea  ; 

These  things,  Rhamnusian  maid,  with  favour  hear. 

No  truth  will  I  conceal  through  any  fear ; 

Not  though  the  other  stars  in  anger  chide 

Will  I  the  secrets  of  my  true  soul  hide — 

Not  all  these  things  can  gladden  so  my  heart 

That  from  my  mind  the  pain  can  e'er  depart. 


Catullus. 


lOI 


The  pain  to  feel  that  I,  my  mistress'  hair, 
Must  from  her  head  eternal  absence  bear. 
Where  erst,  though  not  in  her  sweet  virgin  bloom, 
I  drank  full  many  a  scent  and  rich  perfume. 
Now  O  ye  fair,  whom  Hymen's  torch  hath  wed, 
Forbear  to  share  the  eager  bridegroom's  bed. 
Nor  to  his  eyes  your  tender  bosom  bare 
Till  from  the  onyx  box  an  offering  rare 
Pleasing  to  me  ye  give ;  let  this  be  done 
By  all  who  base  adulterous  pleasures  shun. 
And  seek  chaste  wedlock's  rights,  but  let  the  dust 
The  gifts  of  those  who  lend  themselves  to  lust 
Drink  up  in  scorn,  for  I  will  never  claim 
Offerings  from  those  who  lead  dark  lives  of  shame. 
But  may  fair  love  and  peace  for  aye  abide 
In  the  blest  dwelling  of  each  loving  bride  ! 
And  thou,  O  queen,  when  gazing  on  the  skies 
Thou  bid'st  the  torches'  flame  to  Venus  rise, 
Do  thou  on  me  rich  offerings  too  bestow. 
Nor  let  my  light  without  due  honour  glow, — 
But  why  should  me  these  glittering  stars  detain  ? 
Would  that  I  might  my  mistress'  hair  again, 
As  erst  become  ;  Orion's  belt  divine 
Might  then  refulgent  next  Aquarius  shine.  (8) 


i 


1 02 


Catullus, 


CARMEN  LXVII. — LINES  ON  A  WANTON's  DOOR. 

CATULLUS. 

Hail  door  !  by  husband  loved  and  father  too, 

With  Jupiter's  good  blessing  ma/st  thou  thrive, 

Thou  door !  who  once  did  kindly  service  do 

For  Balbus  when  the  old  man  was  alive, 

And  it  is  said  that  after  he  had  died. 

And  when  thy  mistress  was  once  more  a  bride, 

Thou  didst  again  with  ill  intention  do 

Most  sorry  dirty  jobs  ;  so  let  us  know 

Why  thou  art  changed,  for  'tis  reported  so 

That  now  thy  loyalty  no  more  doth  hold 

For  that  same  lord  whom  thou  did'st  serve  of  old. 

THE  DOOR. 

t 

Now  I  can  safely  say,  as  I  do  trust 
To  please  my  lord  Caecilius  as  I  must, 
Tis  not  my  fault,  although  'tis  said  to  be. 
No  one  can  say  that  aught's  been  done  by  me 
That  is  not  right,  and  yet  the  people  will 
Lay  to  my  charge  all  kind  of  mischief  still ; 
If  aught  comes  out  as  done  amiss,  they  cry, 
Tis  all  your  fault,  you  naughty  door,  oh  lie  I 


, 


Catullus, 


103 


CATULLUS. 


This  brief  assertion's  not  enough  for  me. 
Speak  plainer,  so  that  all  may  know  and  see. 


THE  DOOR. 


How  can  I  ?  no  one  asks  or  cares  to  know. 


CATULLUS. 

I  do,  so  don't  delay  the  facts  to  show. 

THE  DOOR. 

Well,  in  the  first  place  it  is  false,  I  say. 

That  she  a  virgin  was  upon  that  day, 

When  she  passed  through  my  portals,  not  that  she 

Her  husband's  love  too  soon  had  proved,  for  he 

Had  lost  his  manhood's  vigour,  but  'tis  said 

The  father  filled  his  own  son's  marriage  bed. 

Tainting  the  house,  whether  that  passion's  might 

Urged  his  dark  soul,  or  that  he  deemed  it  right. 

Knowing  the  weakness  of  his  feeble  son. 

Some  stronger  man  should  loose  his  fair  bride's  zone. 

CATULLUS. 

Deed  worthy  of  a  father,  nobly  done  ! 
A  father  makes  a  cuckold  of  his  son. 


4 

/ 


/ 


I04 


Catullus. 


Catullus. 


105 


) 


THE  DOOR. 

Nor  is  this  all  that  Brixia  boasts  to  know, 

My  loved  Verona's  mother,  where  doth  flow 

The  yellow  Mela  with  its  gentle  rill 

'Neath  the  high  peak  of  the  Cycnaean  hill ; 

But  for  Postumius  an  unlawful  love, 

And  for  Cornelius  too,  her  breast  did  move. 

But,  door,  how  know  you  this  ?  some  one  will  say. 

Fixed  to  this  post  you  cannot  stir  away 

From  your  lord's  threshold,  nor  the  talk  of  men 

Can  hear,  the  house  to  ope  and  shut  again 

Is  all  that  you,  a  door,  to  do  are  wont. 

But  I  have  heard  her  secretly  recount 

Full  often  to  her  serving  maids  alone 

All  the  dark  shameful  deeds  that  she  has  done. 

And  she  would  mention  by  their  names  all  those 

Of  whom  I  spoke,  for  she  could  ne'er  suppose 

That  I  had  tongue  to  speak  or  ears  to  hear. 

One  other,  too,  she  spoke  of,  but  I  fear 

His  name  to  tell,  lest  he  his  eyebrows  red 

Should  pucker  up  in  wrath ;  thus  much  be  said, 

He's  a  lank  man  to  whom  some  long  dispute 

About  a  spurious  birth  once  caused  a  suit. 


CARMEN   LXVIII. — TO  MANLIUS. 

That  thou,  whom  bitter  fortune  doth  oppress. 
This  letter  blotted  with  thy  tears  to  me 
Dost  send,  that  like  a  man  in  ship-wreck's  stress 
Cast  up  by  foaming  billows  from  the  sea 
I  should  restore  from  death  and  rescue  thee. 
For  now  to  thee  a  widowed  couch  remains, 
Nor  doth  great  Venus  suffer  thee  to  be 
Refreshed  with  sleep,  nor  do  the  ancient  strains 
Of  the  sweet  muses  still  thy  bosom's  wakeful  pains  ; — 

This,  this  it  is  doth  joy  my  sorrowing  heart, 
That  thou  to  me  for  comfort  now  doth  send. 
That  here  thou  seek'st  Love's  gift  and  Muses'  art 
That  so  I  see  thou  boldest  me  for  friend. 
But  the  sharp  griefs  which  mine  own  bosom  rend. 
My  Manlius,  that  thou  in  turn  might'st  know, 
And  lest  I  seem  'gainst  friendship's  claims  to  offend. 
Then  learn  how  I  am  whelmed  'neath  waves  of  woe. 
Nor  seek  the  gifts  the  happy  only  can  bestow. 

When  first  the  white  robe  was  confep-ed  on  me. 
And  my  young  age  bloomed  in  its  jocund  spring, 
Then  dallied  I  enough,  my  loves  were  free. 
And  well  I  knew  that  goddess  who  doth  bring 


V! 


li 


1 06 


Catullus, 


To  mix  with  men's  woes  some  sweet-bitter  thing, 
But  now,  alas !  my  brother  is  no  more, 
All  the  pursuits  I  loved  away  I  fling, 
All  the  delights  are  gone  I  had  before, 
With  him  our  house  lies  buried,  all  our  joys  are  o'er. 


Thou,  while  thou  wast  alive,  O  brother  dear, 
Did'st  foster  all  those  lov'd  pursuits  which  I 
Now  have  abandoned,  once  my  soul  did  cheer 
All  the  resources  sweet  of  poetry  : 
Thou  sayest  "  'tis  a  shame  thy  friend  should  fly 
And  in  Verona's  city  hide  his  name, 
For  here  on  thy  forsaken  couch  doth  lie 
To  warm  those  chilled  limbs  each  man  known  to  fame." 
Nay,  Manlius,  call  it  rather  misery,  no  shame. 


Forgive  me  then,  if  I  do  not  bestow 
Those  gifts  on  thee  which  sorrow's  whelming  tide 
Hath  swept  away,  I  cannot  comfort  so. 
No  store  of  writings  have  I  by  my  side 
Because  at  Rome  I  ever  did  abide, 
There  is  my  home,  there  all  my  life  was  spent. 
One  case  of  books  alone  is  here  supplied, 
So  think  not  I  decline  through  mean  intent 
Or  mind  ungracious  the  request  my  friend  hath  sent. 


:.  i]ii'.i.l^a-*i.,:  .L. 


Catullus. 


107 


For  both  to  thee,  both  books  and  verses  too. 
If  I  had  aught  would  I  most  gladly  send  \ 
But  now,  O  goddesses,  the  praises  due 
To  Manlius,  and  how  he  aye  did  lend 
His  help  to  me,  and  all  his  powers  bend 
To  serve  me,  this  to  speak  as  is  most  right 
I  will  not  spare,  that  all  may  know  my  friend, 
And  lest  oblivious  time  in  rapid  flight 
Should  veil  the  memory  of  his  deeds  in  endless  night. 

But  I  will  speak  to  you,  do  ye  unfold 
To  many  thousands  what  I  here  have  said. 
And  may  this  page  when  it  hath  waxen  old 
Still  keep  the  memory  of  that  dearest  head. 
And  as  years  pass,  though  he  himself  be  dead. 
May  these  poor  verses  his  renown  proclaim 
Still  more  and  more,  nor  may  the  spider  spread, 
Over  the  book  that  holds  his  vanished  name. 
Her  cobwebs  light,  but  may  remembrance  guard  his  fame. 

For  how  false  Venus  stirred  me  ye  do  know,  (i) 
And  how  with  anguish  dark  she  racked  me  till 
My  bosom  with  internal  pain  did  glow 
Like  to  the  fire  of  the  Trinacrian  hill, 
Or  like  the  waters  which  in  scalding  rill 
Through  deep  Thermopylae  the  ocean  seek, 
The  never-ceasing  floods  of  tears  did  fill 


io8 


Catullus, 


I 


^ 


) 


/ 


My  blinded  eyes,  my  sight  grew  dim  and  weak, 
And  sorrow's  drops  did  aye  bedew  my  wasted  cheek. 

As  from  a  mossy  stone  a  streamlet's  force 
Forth  springs  upon  some  airy  mountain's  seat 
And  through  the  valley  in  its  headlong  course 
Where  people  throng  doth  rush,  a  boon  most  sweet 
To  wearied  travellers,  when  the  fierce  sun's  heat 
Doth  crack  the  fields  parched  with  the  burning  glare. 
Or  as  a  favouring  wind  do  sailors  greet. 
Who  storm-tossed  to  the  Twins  have  made  their  prayer, 
Such  was  the  help  which  Manlius  gave  with  tender  care. 

He  to  a  closed  field  did  a  pathway  make, 
A  house  and  mistress  did  on  me  bestow 
That  we  together  our  love's  joys  might  take. 
Thither  my  goddess  often-times  would  go 
And  resting  on  the  polished  floor  would  show 
White  feet  in  creaking  sandals,  thus,  'tis  said, 
Laodamia  with  her  breast  aglow 
With  passion  did  Protesilaus'  bed  (2) 
Approach,  ah,  fatal  love !  for  blood  had  not  been  shed 

To  appease  the  gods,  her  fondest  hopes  were  vain. 
But  never  may  desire's  urging  might 
Make  me  neglect  the  gods  j  her  husband  slain 
Taught  the  poor  queen  that  gods  bear  no  despite, 


Catullus, 


109 


And  that  for  blood  shed  in  the  sacred  rite 
The  thirsty  altar  longs  3  this  did  she  know 
When  ere  two  winters  with  their  length  of  night 
Had  satisfied  her  early  passion's  glow. 
Leaving  her  warm  embrace  her  lord  to  wars  did  go. 

For  no  long  absence  went  the  gallant  chief. 
His  death  'neath  Ilium's  walls  was  known  to  fate, 
That  she  might  lead  a  life  of  widowed  grief; 
For  then  the  rape  of  Helen  roused  to  hate 
Each  Argive  breast  against  the  Trojan  state. 
That  fatal  Troy,  the  common  gloomy  grave 
Of  all  that  noble  was,  or  strong,  or  great. 
The  tomb  of  Greek  and  Trojan  warriors  brave. 
And  which  to  me  of  brother's  loss  the  sorrow  gave. 

Alas !  my  brother  :  with  thee  joy  is  fled. 
That  life  of  thine  is  gone  which  I  did  prize. 
The  pleasures  which  thy  love  had  cherishe'd 
Are  passed  away,  our  whole  house  buried  lies. 
While  thee  where  no  ancestral  tombs  arise. 
No  kindred  ashes  lie,  a  foreign  strand 
Doth  cover,  there  most  hateful  to  the  eyes 
The  walls  of  Troy,  accursed  city  !  stand. 
There  is  thy  grave,  far  off"  thy  well-loved  fatherland. 


no 


Catullus, 


\ 


For  when  together  flocked  the  gathering  host, 
All  hearths  were  then  deserted,  so  'tis  said, 
To  seek  base  Paris  on  the  Phrygian  coast, 
Lest  tranquil  peace  her  influence  should  shed 
Over  the  joys  of  his  adulterous  bed  ; 
Then  wast  thou  struck,  fair  queen,  by  fortune's  blow. 
Dearer  than  life  or  breath  that  dearest  head 
Was  taken  from  thee,  such  a  mighty  flow 
Of  love  had  plunged  thee  in  a  sheer  abyss  of  woe. 

So  deep  near  Pheneus  was  that  soil,  they  say. 
Which  dried  when  Hercules  the  marsh  did  drain. 
When  he,  Amphitryon's  false  son,  a  way  (3) 
Through  the  hill's  inmost  centre  dug  amain. 
What  time,  too,  the  Stymphalian  birds  were  slain, 
A  weak  lord  bidding,  by  his  shaft  divine. 
That  so  the  gate  which  leads  to  heaven's  high  fane 
Might  'neath  a  new  god's  footsteps  poHshed  shine. 
And  Hebe  his  fair  bride  no  more  a  virgin  pine. 


But  deeper  was  thy  love  than  that  abyss, 
For  thy  love  taught  thy  lord  the  yoke  to  bear. 
A  late-bom  child,  an  only  daughter's  bliss. 
Who  to  ancestral  wealth  is  bom  the  heir. 
Whose  name  in  the  will-deed  is  entered  fair. 
And  whose  late  birth  doth  disappointment  spread 


Catullus, 


III 


Among  the  heirs-at-law,  when  disappear 
The  hopes  on  which  the  hungry  kinsmen  fed, 
Who  vulture-like  had  hovered  round  the  old  man's  head, 

Is  to  his  aged  grandsire  not  so  dear 
As  erst  thy  husband  was,  O  queen,  to  thee, 
Nor  can  the  joys  of  any  dove  compare 
With  thy  deep  love,  although  'tis  said  that  she 
Doth  with  her  biting  beak  unceasingly 
Snatch  tender  kisses  while  her  mate  sits  by ; 
And  though  a  woman's  love  most  fickle  be. 
Yet  with  thy  passion  none  of  these  could  vie 
When  thou  wast  joined  with  thy  fair  lord  in  marriage  tie. 

In  grace  thy  equal,  or  almost  thy  peer, 
Did  my  fair  darling  seek  my  loving  breast, 
Around  her  sported  Cupid  here  and  there. 
Arrayed  refulgent  in  a  saffron  vest,     . 
And  though  content  with  me  she  did  not  rest, 
Still  I  can  pardon  her  caprice  of  love. 
Nor  may  I  be  with  jealousy  opprest 
As  fools  are  :  Juno,  queen  of  gods  above 
Did  daily  rage,  seeing  the  faults  of  fickle  Jove. 

His  many  lawless  passions  she  did  know. 
But  to  compare  with  gods  it  is  not  meet. 
Then  let  the  anxious  father's  troubles  go. 


112 


Catullus, 


\\ 


For  she  her  lover,  deck'd  with  unguents  sweet, 
Was  by  no  father's  hand  led  forth  to  meet ; 
But  secretly  in  that  delicious  night 
Leaving  her  husband's  arms  my  love  did  greet : 
That  is  enough,  that  one  fair  day's  delight, 
That  she  doth  ever  mark  that  day  with  stone-mark  white. 

Wherefore  to  thee  this  gift  of  verse  I  send. 
The  best  I  could  compose,  thou  well  might'st  claim 
Such  meed  for  all  thy  kindness  done,  my  friend. 
Lest  cold  oblivion's  rust  should  touch  thy  name, 
And'  this  or  that  day  lose  thy  memory's  fame  ; 
And  may  the  gods,  too,  those  rewards  bestow 
Which  erst  from  Themis  ta  those  heroes  came. 
Who  in  the  path  of  virtue  aye  did  go. 
May  thou  and  she  who*  is  thy  life  all  blessings  know ; 

And  may  that  house  which  saw  our  amorous  play, 
And  its  fair  mistress,  bliss  enjoy,  and  he 
Who  made  us  friends ;  for  from  that  happy  day 
On  which  I  made  acquaintance  first  with  thee, 
All  my  good  fortune  then  began  for  nae ; 
But  before  all,  may  she  I  love  the  best, 
The  light  of  all  my  days  most  happy  be, 
Who  dearer  is  than  life  to  my  fond  breast, 
And  whose  existence  aye  doth  make  my  days  more  blest 


Catullus, 


113 


CARMEN   LXX. — ON   THE   INCONSTANCY    OF   WOMAN'S   LOVE. 

My  mistress  says  that  there  is  none 
Whom  she  would  rather  wed  than  me. 
Even  if  mighty  Saturn's  son 
Should  woo  her,  faithful  would  she  be. 
Thus  says  she,  but  what  women  swear 
To  eager  lovers  it  should  seem 
Should  be  inscribed  on  wandering  air. 
Or  on  an  ever-running  stream. 


CARMEN    LXXII. — TO   LESBIA. 

Once  did'st  thou  say  that  I  alone. 
My  Lesbia,  all  thy  breast  did  own, 
Nor  e'en  to  be  Jove's  heavenly  bride 
Would'st  thou  e'er  part  thee  from  my  side. 
And  then  the  love  I  bore  for  thee — 
'Twas  not  a  lover's  passion  wild. 
But  rather  as  is  wont  to  be 
A  sire's  affection  for  his  child. 
But  now  I  know  thee  as  thou  art — 
Though  thou  art  worthless  in  my  eyes, 
And  can'st  no  longer  touch  my  heart. 
Yet  doth  my  passion  for  thee  rise 


r 


114 


Catullus, 


With  greater  madness  than  before ; 
How  's  this  you  ask  ?    The  wrongs  I  bore 
Make  me  esteem  thee,  ah  !  far  less, 
But  love  thee  with  a  fiercer  stress. 


Ir^ 


CARMEN    LXXIII. — ON   AN    INGRATE. 

Cease  to  dream  that  thou  wilt  earn 
Meed  of  thanks, — 'tis  all  in  vain, 

Kindness  meets  with  no  return. 
Brings  to  none  an  aftergain. 

Gratitude  hath  past  away. 
No  one  is  by  goodness  won. 

But  with  evil  men  repay. 
And  with  scorn  deeds  kindly  done. 

This  alas  !  full  well  I  know, 
Once  I  had  a  friend,  but  he, — 

He  is  now  my  fiercest  foe, 

He  who  had  no  friends  but  me. 


CARMEN   LXXIV. — ON   GELLIUS. 

-CieUiurwas  often  told 
That  his  uncle  used  to  scold. 


\\ 


l>     .' 


Catullus, 


115 


If  a  man  of  pleasure  talked. 
Or  in  paths  of  pleasure  walked. 
So  to  shun  unseemly  strife 
He  seduced  his  uncle's  wife, 
Making  him  with  perfect  ease 
Silent  as  Harpocrates  : 
For  his  uncle  his  own  shame 
Scarce  is  willing  to  proclaim. 


CARMEN    LXXV. — TO   LESBIA. 

No  woman  e'er  can  boast  that  she 

Loved  with  a  truer  love  hath  been. 

Than  thou,  my  Lesbia,  wast  by  me. 

Nor  yet  'mongst  men  was  ever  seen 
A  mutual  compact  where  one  bounden  heart 
Showed  faith  more  firm  than  love  hath  on  my  part. 

But  through  thy  fault,  my  Lesbia,  thou 

Hast  led  astray  my  captive  mind 

Lost  in  devotion,  so  that  now 

Wert  thou  the  best  of  womankind, 
Esteem  for  thee  could  ne'er  my  bosom  move, 
Wert  thou  the  worst,  I  ne'er  could  cease  to  love. 


7 


ii6 


Catullus, 


CARMEN  LXXVI. — TO  HIMSELF. 

If  ever  men  can  pleasure  find 
When  comes  the  past  before  the  mind, 
In  thinking  o'er  good  actions  wrought, 
Faith  plighted  kept,  no  evil  sought, 
No  base  deceit  by  word  or  act 
To  set  aside  a  solemn  pact, 
With  impious  oaths  by  gods  above, 
O  then  from  thy  unhappy  love, 
Catullus,  as  the  long  years  wane. 
Rich  store  of  bliss  shall  aye  remain. 
For  thou  did'st  all  that  lover  could 
Or  do  or  say  in  kindly  mood. 
But  all  was  lost,  a  thankless  mind 
Received  the  gifts  and  then  forgot 
Why  wilt  thou  still  fresh  anguish  find 
Remembering  her  who  loves  thee  not  ? 
Make  thy  soul  strong,  from  love  forbear, 
And  from  thy  heart  her  image  tear, 
And  cease,  though  gods  give  no  relief 
To  languish  in  thy  present  grief. 
A  love  that  has  through  long  years  grown 
Cannot  at  once  aside  be  thrown  \ 
Tis  a  hard  task,  but  it  must  be, 
This  hope  alone  remains  for  thee. 


Catullus. 


117 


It  must  and  shall  be,  come  what  may. 
This  passion  shall  be  flung  away. 

0  gods,  if  ye  men's  prayers  can  hear, 
And  if  ye  can  with  pity  bend, 

And  if  when  death's  last  pain  was  near 
Ye  e'er  on  earth  did  succour  send, 
Behold  me  plunged  in  depths  of  woe. 
And  if  a  lifetime  I  can  show 
All  purely  spent,  this  plague  from  me 
Remove,  and  set  my  bosom  free ; 
For  now  within  my  heart  all  joy 
This  spreading  madness  doth  destroy. 
Creeping  like  torpor  through  the  frame ; 
Her  love  I  do  no  longer  claim. 
Nor  do  I  ask  what  could  not  be, 
That  she  should  live  in  chastity ; 

1  long  for  freedom,  and  to  ease 

My  heart  from  this  most  dire  disease. 
For  this  alone,  ye  gods,  I  pray : 
Do  ye  my  goodness  thus  repay. 


I  ./ 


ii8 


Catullus, 


CARMEN    I.XXVII. — TO   RUFUS. 

Thee,  Rufus,  once  I  deemed  a  friend, 

My  thoughts  were  vain,  aye  worse  than  vain, 

Thou  did'st  disgrace  upon  me  send 

And  mighty  loss  and  grievous  pain. 

Creeping  into  my  inmost  thought, 

Thou  didst  my  very  soul  destroy. 

All,  all  is  gone,  my  life  is  nought, 

For  thou  hast  ta'en  away  my  joy  ; 

Thou  poison  dire  that  didst  invade 

My  life  and  taint  our  friendship's  tie  ! 

I  grieve  to  think  that  that  pure  maid 

In  thy  impure  embrace  should  lie. 

But  thou  shalt  not  unpunished  go, 

For  every  age  shall  know  thy  crime. 

My  verse  thy  villany  shall  show 

Through  all  the  lapse  of  hoary  time. 


Catullus, 


119 


CARMEN   LXXVIII. — ON   CALLUS. 

Two  brothers  has  Gallus,  the  wife  of  one  brother 

Is  handsome,  and  so  is  the  son  of  the  other, 

And  Gallus  himself  is  a  nice  sort  of  man, 

To  bring  them  together  he  does  all  he  can ; 

But  Gallus  is  foolish,  most  foolish,  I  say. 

For  he  does  not  perceive  that  he's  showing  the  way 

To  a  trick  which  on  him,  too,  some  nephew  might  play. 


CARMEN    LXXIX. — ON    LESBIUS. 

Who  then  can  doubt  a  moment  that  that  youth 
Fair  Lesbius  doth  possess  a  handsome  face  \ 
'Tis  he  whom  Lesbia  prefers  forsooth 
To  thee,  Catullus,  and  to  all  thy  race. 
But  I  will  give  that  fair  youth  leave  to  sell 
Catullus  and  his  race,  if  in  the  street 
But  three  men  whom  the  world  at  all  knows  well 
Will  with  a  friendly  gesture  Lesbius  greet. 


ii8 


Catullus, 


CARMEN   LXXVII. — TO   RUFUS. 

Thee,  Rufus,  once  I  deemed  a  friend, 

My  thoughts  were  vain,  aye  worse  than  vain, 

Thou  did'st  disgrace  upon  me  send 

And  mighty  loss  and  grievous  pain, 

Creeping  into  my  inmost  thought, 

Thou  didst  my  very  soul  destroy. 

All,  all  is  gone,  my  life  is  nought, 

For  thou  hast  ta'en  away  my  joy ; 

Thou  poison  dire  that  didst  invade 

My  life  and  taint  our  friendship's  tie  ! 

I  grieve  to  think  that  that  pure  maid 

In  thy  impure  embrace  should  lie. 

But  thou  shalt  not  unpunished  go, 

For  every  age  shall  know  thy  crime, 

My  verse  thy  villany  shall  show 

Through  all  the  lapse  of  hoary  time. 


Catullus, 


119 


CARMEN   LXXVIII. — ON   CALLUS. 

Two  brothers  has  Gallus,  the  wife  of  one  brother 

Is  handsome,  and  so  is  the  son  of  the  other, 

And  Gallus  himself  is  a  nice  sort  of  man, 

To  bring  them  together  he  does  all  he  can ; 

But  Gallus  is  foolish,  most  foolish,  I  say. 

For  he  does  not  perceive  that  he's  showing  the  way 

To  a  trick  which  on  him,  too,  some  nephew  might  play. 


CARMEN    LXXIX.— ON    LESBIUS. 

Who  then  can  doubt  a  moment  that  that  youth 
Fair  Lesbius  doth  possess  a  handsome  face  ; 
'Tis  he  whom  Lesbia  prefers  forsooth 
To  thee,  Catullus,  and  to  all  thy  race. 
But  I  will  give  that  fair  youth  leave  to  sell 
Catullus  and  his  race,  if  in  the  street 
But  three  men  whom  the  world  at  all  knows  well 
Will  with  a  friendly  gesture  Lesbius  greet. 


I20 


Catullus, 


CARMEN  LXXXI. — TO  JUVENTIUS. 

Could'st  thou  among  so  many  find 

No  one,  Juventius,  to  thy  mind 

But  him  whom  now  thou  call'st  thine  own, 

That  stranger  from  Pisaurum's  town  ? 

A  deadly  place,  and  paler  he 

Than  gilded  statue  seems  to  be, 

Him  now  thou  lovest,  and  dost  dare 

Before  me  even  to  prefer, 

Alas  !  how  little  dost  thou  know 

The  crime  there  is  in  loving  so. 


CARMEN    LXXXII. — ^TO   QUINTIUS. 

Quintius,  if  thou  would'st  have  me  owe 
My  eyes,  or  aught  my  heart  can  know 

More  precious  than  my  eyes  to  thee. 
Take  not  away  the  love  I  prize. 
Which  dearer  is  than  mine  own  eyes. 

Or  aught  else  that  can  dearer  be. 


/ 


( 


X 


Catullus. 


CARMEN  LXXXIII. — ON  LESBIANS  HUSBAND. 

My  Lesbia,  when  her  husband's  standing  near, 

Heaps  on  my  head  abuse  beyond  all  measure, 
The  poor  soul  chuckles  such  contempt  to  hear. 

And  all  his  simple  mind  is  filled  with  pleasure. 
You  utter  donkey  !  are  you  then  so  blind  ? 

If  she  said  nought  about  me,  don^t  you  see 
Twould  be  quite  clear  I  was  not  in  her  mind  \ 

But  as  it  is,  she  snarls  and  rails  at  me. 
So  she  remembers  me,  and  what  is  more. 

Talks  of  me  angrily  with  scornful  pique. 
So  it  is  plain  her  inmost  heart  is  sore. 

She  bums  with  passion,  and  is  forced  to  speak. 


CARMEN  LXXXIV. — ON  ARRIUS. 

Arrius  had  an  awkward  way. 
For  he,  whene'er  he  meant  to  say 
"  Commodious,"  with  no  "  h  "  at  all, 
"  Chommodious  "  from  his  lips  would  fall ; 
Or,  if  "  insidious  *'  he*d  pronounce, 
Then  out  "  hinsidious  "  would  bounce, 
And  he'd  feel  satisfied  when  he 
Had  bawled  his  "  h  "  out  lustily. 


121 


/ 


J 


122 


Catuuus, 


) 


Catullus, 


123 


I  think  his  mother  did  the  same, 

His  uncle  Liber,  too,  would  frame 

His  words  with  aspirates  like  this 

With  most  redundant  emphasis ; 

His  grandsire  used  to  rap  them  out, 

His  grandam,  too,  I  have  no  doubt ; 

At  last  he  went  to  Syria's  clime, 

Our  ears  had  respite  for  a  time. 

These  words  we  heard  with  smoothness  said 

And  words  like  them  we  ceased  to  dread 

Our  calm  was  short,  the  tidings  dire 

Came  spreading  quickly  to  inspire 

Our  minds  with  horror,  when  we  heard 

That  since  our  friend  his  course  had  steered 

Across  the  Ionian  waves,  that  sea 

"  Hionian  hocean  '*  styled  must  be. 


CARMEN  LXXXV.  —ON  HIS  LOVE. 

At  once  I  love  and  hate, 
You  ask  why  this  should  be, 
I  know  not,  'tis  my  fate, 
A  fate  of  agony. 


CARMEN  LXXXVI. — ON  QUINCTIA  AND  LESPIA. 

Quinctia  many  men  declare 
To  be  a  beauty ;  well,  she's  fair 
And  tall  and  straight,  all  this  I  grant. 
Each  part  of  her  no  charm  doth  want. 
But  she's  no  beauty ;  to  the  whole 
There's  something  lacking,  'tis  a  soul ! 
Her  frame  is  large,  but  one  can  see 
In  her  no  spark  of  piquancy. 
But  Lesbia's  loveliness  I  find 
A  perfect  whole,  all  charms  combined. 
And  graces  live  in  her  alone. 
All  beauty  she  has  made  her  own. 


CARMEN  XCI. — ON  GELLIUS. 

In  this  my  wild  unhappy  love, 

O  Gellius,  I  trusted  thee, 
Not  that  I  thought  that  thou  would'st  prove 

Loyal  in  changeless  constancy. 
Or  that  I  knew  thee  well  of  old. 

And  so  had  hopes  that  thou  could'st  e'er 
Thy  mind  from  wicked  schemes  withhold ; 

But  'twas  because  that  maiden  fair, 
For  whom  with  mighty  love  I  burned, 


\ 


124 


Catullus. 


No  beauteous  sister  was  to  thee, 
Or  mother,  for  thou  would'st  have  spumed 

Such  ties  as  these,  and  though  with  me 
Joined  in  close  friendship  thou  hadst  been, 

I  ne'er  thought  that  could  make  thee  play 
The  dastard  traitor's  part,  but  e'en 

That  was  enough,  so  dear  each  way 
Of  evil  is  to  thy  base  mind, 
And  villany  of  every  kind. 


CARMEN  XCIL— ON  LESBIA. 

Fair  Lesbia  heaps  her  abuse  upon  me, 
Incessantly  talking,  and  seeming  to  flout  me, 
And  yet  all  the  same  may  I  perish  if  she 
Does  not  in  her  innermost  heart  care  about  me  ! 
And  how  do  I  know  this,  perhaps  you  will  say, 
Well  I'll  tell  you,  the  fact  is  most  easy  to  prove, 
'Tis  that  I  rail  at  her  in  the  very  same  way, 
And  yet  may  I  perish  if  her  I  don't  love. 


CARMEN  XCIII.— ON  CiESAR. 

Caesar,  I  take  no  kind  of  care 
To  aim  at  pleasing  you ; 
I  know  not  whether  you  be  fair, 
Or  whether  dark  in  hue. 


Catullus, 


^25 


CARMEN  XCV. — ON  THE  SMYRNA  OF  CINNA  THE  POET. 

My  Cinna's  Smyrna  was  begun, 
Nine  summers  ere  the  work  was  done, 
And  when  nine  winters  had  passed  by, 
The  work  before  the  world  did  lie, 
Meanwhile  by  thousands  in  one  year 
Hortensius'  verses  did  appear. 


Where  Atrax'  distant  waters  flow 
In  swirling  depth,  shall  Smyrna  go. 
And  many  a  future  hoary  age 
Shall  long  peruse  my  Cinna's  page ; 
But  what  Volusius  has  penned. 
Those  Annals  shall  in  Padua  end 
Their  brief  existence,  and  perhaps 
May  serve  full  oft  as  mackerel-wraps. 
My  friend's  works  few  although  they  be. 
Are  very  dearly  prized  by  me, 
Antimachus'  long  turgid  strain. 
The  popular  applause  may  gain. 


126 


Catullus, 


Catullus. 


127 


CARMEN  XCVI. — TO  CALVUS  ON  QUINCTILIA. 

Calvus,  if  from  out  our  grief, 

To  the  dark  and  silent  tomb, 
Aught  can  come  to  give  relief. 

Lightening  its  sepulchral  gloom. 
From  old  love's  renewed  desires. 
From  extinguished  friendship's  fires. 
All  the  loss  which  woe  inspires 

Perished  in  the  course  of  doom, 
The  love  Quinctilia  had  for  thee. 
The  joy  thy  constant  faith  to  see, 
'Gainst  these  the  fate  as  nought  would  be 

Which  snatched  her  hence  in  early  bloom. 


CARMEN  XCVIII. — TO  VETTIUS. 

Vettius,  it  might  be  said  of  you. 

You  dirty  rascal,  what  men  do 

Often  of  fools  and  windbags  say 

That  if  it  were  but  in  your  way. 

At  nothing  would  you  ever  stick, 

Your  tongue  e'en  cowherds'  shoes  would  lick 

Or  even  things  more  foul  than  these. 

So  if  your  mind  it  now  should  please, 

Vettius,  to  slay  us  every  one, 

Open  your  mouth,  the  thing  is  done. 


CARMEN  XCIX. — TO  JUVENTIUS. 

A  kiss  in  sport  I  once  did  snatch, 
Juventius,  my  pet,  from  thee, 
Nor  could  ambrosia's  sweetness  match 
That  blissful  moment's  ecstasy ; 
But  I  did  not  unpunished  go. 
For  on  a  rack  most  grievous  pain, 
Thou  mad'st  me  bear,  while  I  did  show 
Excuses  which  were  all  in  vain. 
Ah  !  well  do  I  remember,  ne'er 
Could  I  one  jot  of  mercy  gain 
An  instant  with  my  tears,  for  where 
The  kiss  had  lit,  to  wash  the  stain 
Thou  did'st  thy  lips  with  water  clean, 
Lest  of  my  mouth  be  left  a  trace. 
As  though  that  sweet  delight  had  been 
Some  filthy  trull's  impure  embrace. 
Thou  giv'st  me  as  a  hapless  prey 
For  ever  to  a  fatal  passion, 
My  happiness  dost  take  away. 
And  torturest  me  in  cruel  fashion  j 
So  that  the  kiss  which  once  for  me 
Ambrosial  joy  and  sweetness  bore. 
Is  changed,  till  in  its  taste  it  be 
More  bitter  than  the  hellebore. 


\ 


k 


128 


'^f^VW^^vm 


Catullus, 


If  thou  such  punishment  dost  give, 
For  my  unhappy  love  for  thee, 
No  more  sweet  kisses  while  I  live 
Shall  e*er  again  be  snatched  by  me. 


Catullus. 


129 


CARMEN   C. — ON  CiELIUS  AND   QUINTIUS. 

For  Aufilena  Quintius  burns, 

To  Aufilenus  Caelius  turns, 

Such  is  the  passion  each  doth  own, 

The  glory  of  Verona's  town ; 

For  one  claims  friendship  from  the  brother, 

The  sister's  charms  attract  the  other. 

This  one  may  call  a  tender  tie, 

A  union  most  brotherly. 

Whom  do  I  wish  most  blest  to  be  ? 

Caelius  I  needs  must  favour  thee. 

Thy  warmth  of  friendship  gives  this  right, 

Proved  when  I  burned  with  passion's  might, 

Be  happy,  Caelius,  my  friend. 

Success  upon  thy  love  attend 


CARMEN   CI. — LINES   ON   HIS   BROTHER^S  GRAVE. 

O'er  many  a  land  and  many  a  sea, 

My  brother,  I  have  come. 
To  pay  the  last  sad  rites  to  thee 

Upon  thy  silent  tomb. 
To  speak  to  thee,  ah,  vain  pretence  ! 
Since  cruel  fate  has  snatched  thee  hence 

By  most  untimely  doom, 
Thine  ashes  dumb  alone  remain, 
To  me  survives  a  lasting  pain. 

Meanwhile  our  father's  rite  of  yore 

May  now  accomplished  be. 
Who  to  the  grave  sad  offerings  bore, 

So  these  accept  from  me. 
Drenched  with  the  tears  of  bitter  woe 
Such  as  a  brother's  heart  can  know 

The  grief  I  feel  for  thee. 
And  now,  all  hail !  my  task  is  o'er. 
Brother,  farewell  for  evermore. 


I30 


\ 


Catullus, 


CARMEN   CII. — TO   CORNELIUS. 

/ 

If  friendship's  secret  to  preserve 
Men  have  been  ever  faithful  found, 
Who  ne'er  from  loyalty  would  swerve, 
Who  by  a  secret  tie  were  bound  ; 
Count  me,  my  friend,  as  one  of  these. 
Think  me,  too,  an  Harpocrates. 


CARMEN   cm. — TO    SILO. 

Silo,  my  friend,  give  back,  as  due. 
The  sesterces  I  paid  to  you. 
And  then  remain,  for  all  I  care, 
As  coarse  and  brutal  as  you  are ; 
Or  if  the  cash  you  will  not  pay. 
Then  cease  the  pander's  trade  I  pray. 
Such  brutal  coarseness  as  I  deem 
That  business  scarcely  can  beseem. 


N^ 


/ 


'•    \ 


Catullus, 


131 


CARMEN   CIV. ON   LESBIA. 

Dost  think  that  I  who  Lesbia  prize 

As  mine  own  life,  than  both  my  eyes 

Dearer  by  far,  that  I  could  e'er 

Speak  evil  slanderous  words  of  her  ? 

It  could  not  be,  for  were  it  so 

I  should  not  love  as  now  I  do, 

But  when  you  are  with  Tappo  sitting. 

Strange  notions  through  your  brain  go  flitting. 


CARMEN   CV. — ON   MENTULA. 

Mentula  ever  strives  amain 
To  mount  the  Pimplean  height. 
The  Muses  with  their  forks  again 
Hurl  him  down  in  his  despite. 


CARMEN   CVL — ON   THE   BOY   AND   THE   AUCTIONEER. 

When  an  auctioneer  walking  along 
With  a  good-looking  boy  we  behold, 
Our  suspicions  can  hardly  be  wrong 
That  the  fair  youth  is  meant  to  be  sold. 


V 


d 


I-^O 


Catullus, 


X 


_!v 


1 


CARMEN   CII. — TO   CORNELIUS. 

If  friendship's  secret  to  preserve 
Men  have  been  ever  faithful  found, 
Who  ne'er  from  loyalty  would  swerve, 
Who  by  a  secret  tie  were  bound  ; 
Count  me,  my  friend,  as  one  of  these, 
Think  me,  too,  an  Harpocrates. 


CARMEN   cm. — TO    SILO. 

Silo,  my  friend,  give  back,  as  due, 
The  sesterces  I  paid  to  you. 
And  then  remain,  for  all  I  care. 
As  coarse  and  brutal  as  you  are ; 
Or  if  the  cash  you  will  not  pay. 
Then  cease  the  pander's  trade  I  pray. 
Such  brutal  coarseness  as  I  deem 
That  business  scarcely  can  beseem. 


^ 


/ 


'   \ 


Catullus, 


131 


CARMEN   CIV. — ON   LESBIA. 

Dost  think  that  I  who  Lesbia  prize 

As  mine  own  life,  than  both  my  eyes 

Dearer  by  far,  that  I  could  e'er 

Speak  evil  slanderous  words  of  her  ? 

It  could  not  be,  for  were  it  so 

I  should  not  love  as  now  I  do, 

But  when  you  are  with  Tappo  sitting. 

Strange  notions  through  your  brain  go  flitting. 


CARMEN   CV. — ON    MENTULA. 

Mentula  ever  strives  amain 
To  mount  the  Pimplean  height, 
The  Muses  with  their  forks  again 
Hurl  him  down  in  his  despite. 


CARMEN   CVL — ON   THE   BOY   AND   THE   AUCTIONEER. 

When  an  auctioneer  walking  along 
With  a  good-looking  boy  we  behold. 
Our  suspicions  can  hardly  be  wrong 
That  the  fair  youth  is  meant  to  be  sold. 


132 


Catullus, 


CARMEN  CVII. — TO  LESBIA. 

When  against  hope  the  bosom  yearns 

Regretful  for  some  vanished  bUss, 
Which  then  to  our  fond  wish  returns, 

What  joy  can  greater  be  than  this? 

Wherefore  a  dearer  thing  to  me 
Than  all  the  gold  which  men  acquire, 

Was  the  kind  fate  which  gave  back  thee, 
My  Lesbia,  to  my  fond  desire. 

For  'twas  thine  own  sweet  bosom's  pain 

Which  brought  thee  back ;  my  hopes  were  dark, 

I  thought  thou  ne'er  would'st  come  again, 
O  happy  day  of  whitest  mark  ! 

Who  now  could  be  more  blest  than  I 

In  thus  again  possessing  thee  ? 
Or  in  a  life  time's  memory. 

What  joy  than  this  could  greater  be  ? 


Catullus, 


133 


CARMEN   CVIII. — TO   COMINIUS. 

Cominius,  if  thy  hoary  age 

Stained  with  all  vices  that  can  be. 

Could  by  the  doom  of  popular  rage 

Be  cut  off  in  its  infamy. 

Then  first  that  foe  to  all  that's  good, 

Surely  thy  evil  speaking  tongue 

Would  be  cut  out  and  cast  for  food 

Unto  the  hungry  vulture  throng : 

Thy  eyes  would  glut  the  crow's  bUick  maw, 

The  dogs  would  on  thy  entrails  feast. 

And  savage  wolves  with  ravenous  jaw 

Would  make  their  banquet  on  the  rest. 


X 


CARMEN   CIX. — TO   LESBIA. 

My  Lesbia,  the  tender  love 

Which  now  exists  'twixt  you  and  me. 

You  say  shall  ever  constant  be. 
Would  that  your  words  might  truthful  prove  ! 

And  may  the  kindly  heavens  give 
To  this  sweet  speech  sincerity. 
That  we  may  keep  the  hallowed  tie 

Of  friendship  perfect  while  we  live. 


\ 


..^«N«S-<'i,;^^.  !V 


'  -■^i-'^»i,.jm'-M' 


••*%*><!is^,J^ja^v>  * 


132 


Catullus, 


I 


Catullus, 


133 


CARMEN  CVII. — TO  LESBIA. 

When  against  hope  the  bosom  yearns 

Regretful  for  some  vanished  bHss, 
Which  then  to  our  fond  wish  returns, 

What  joy  can  greater  be  than  this  ? 

Wherefore  a  dearer  thing  to  me 

Than  all  the  gold  which  men  acquire, 

Was  the  kind  fate  which  gave  back  thee, 
My  Lesbia,  to  my  fond  desire. 

For  'twas  thine  own  sweet  bosom's  pain 

Which  brought  thee  back ;  my  hopes  were  dark, 

I  thought  thou  ne'er  would'st  come  again, 
O  happy  day  of  whitest  mark  ! 

Who  now  could  be  more  blest  than  I 

In  thus  again  possessing  thee  ? 
Or  in  a  life  time's  memory, 

What  joy  than  this  could  greater  be  ? 


CARMEN   CVII  I. — TO   COMINIUS. 

Cominius,  if  thy  hoary  age 

Stained  with  all  vices  that  can  be, 

Could  by  the  doom  of  popular  rage 

Be  cut  off  in  its  infamy. 

Then  first  that  foe  to  all  that's  good, 

Surely  thy  evil  speaking  tongue 

Would  be  cut  out  and  cast  for  food 

Unto  the  hungry  vulture  throng : 

Thy  eyes  would  glut  the  crow's  bl^ck  maw, 

The  dogs  would  on  thy  entrails  feast. 

And  savage  wolves  with  ravenous  jaw 

Would  make  their  banquet  on  the  rest. 


CARMEN   CIX. — TO   LESBIA. 

My  Lesbia,  the  tender  love 

Which  now  exists  'twixt  you  and  me. 

You  say  shall  ever  constant  be, 
Would  that  your  words  might  truthful  prove  ! 

And  may  the  kindly  heavens  give 
To  this  sweet  speech  sincerity. 
That  we  may  keep  the  hallowed  tie 

Of  friendship  perfect  while  we  live. 


134 


Catullus. 


CARMEN    ex. — TO   AUFILENA. 

Aufilena,  good  wenches  with  favour  we  view, 

For  while  taking  their  price,  what  theyVe  promised  they  do 

But  you  are  my  enemy,  many  a  time 

You've  promised  and  failed  me,  now  this  is  a  crime, 

For  girls  who  are  honest  would  do  what  they  said, 

And  good  girls  such  promises  ne'er  would  have  made. 

But  the  worst  and  most  grasping  of  women  would  ne'er 

Take  presents  obtained  in  a  way  so  unfair. 


CARMEN  CXIV. — ON  MENTULA. 

A  wealthy  man  is  Mentula  thought. 
And  that  with  reason,  for  there's  nought 
His  land  at  Formiae  doth  not  yield. 
Game  of  all  kinds  and  many  a  field. 
Meadows  and  fish,  but  all  in  vain. 
For  his  expense  outruns  his  gain ; 
The  land  is  wealthy,  that  I  grant, 
But  he  himself  s  oppressed  with  want. 
So  we  may  praise  the  estate  indeed 
As  rich,  but  he's  in  sorest  need. 


/ 


Catullus. 


135 


CARMEN    CXV. — ON    MENTULA. 

Of  meadow  Mentula's  possest 

Of  thirty  acres  at  the  least, 

Of  land  whereon  the  com  is  grown. 

Full  forty  acres  doth  he  own. 

His  other  grounds  are  like  the  sea. 

Unbounded,  why  should  he  not  be 

Richer  than  Croesus  ?  one  estate 

Of  his  holds  all  this  wealth  so  great. 

Marshes  and  lakes,  and  field  and  plain. 

And  mighty  woods  which  reach  the  main. 

Or  to  the  furthest  north  extend, 

A  vast  possession  without  end. 

Huge  are  these  things,  but  huger  he 

A  man  he  scarce  doth  seem  to  be. 

But  rather  is  unto  my  eyes 

A  "  Mentula  "  of  threatening  size. 


\ 


136 


Catullus, 


CARMEN   CXVI. — TO   GELLIUS. 


/ 


y 


I  once  thought,  Gellius,  to  have  sent 

These  lines  in  Battian  measure  writ 

To  thee ;  on  them  much  toil  I  spent 

In  hunting  words  to  please  my  wit, 

That  so  thy  wrath  I  might  assuage, 

That  from  my  head  thou  should'st  restrain 

The  missiles  of  thy  hostile  rage. 

But  now  I  see  my  care  was  vain. 

And  nought  avail  my  prayers  with  thee, 

So  with  my  cloak  I'll  foil  thy  dart, 

While  thou  shalt  be  pierced  through  by  me. 

And  shalt  with  shame's  keen  anguish  smart 


NOTES. 


CARMEN   I. 

The  Cornelius  Nepos  to  whom  this  dedication  is  addressed  was  a 
writer  of  that  time  of  considerable  eminence,  and  a  fellow-countryman  of 
the  poet's.  He  was  the  author  of  several  historical  works,  one  of  which, 
or  a  transcript  of  which,  has  come  down  to  us,  and  forms  usually  the  first 
specimen  of  Latin  literature  which  is  forced  on  the  attention  of  the 
reluctant  school-boy.  The  dedication  was  probably  prefixed  not  to  the 
whole  volume  of  Catullus'  poems,  but  only  to  the  "libellus"  containing 
the  shorter  lyrics. 

CARMEN   II. 

This  little  poem,  and  the  following  one  on  Lesbia's  sparrow  enjoyed  a 
great  reputation  among  ancient  writers,  and  have  been  as  often  alluded  to 
and  quoted  as  perhaps  any  poems  in  the  whole  range  of  literature.  Their 
charm  is  undeniable,  and  they  would  have  alone  sufficed  to  give  Catullus 
a  high  place  among  the  singers  of  the  world.  Martial  was  the  first  to 
conceive  the  idea  of  the  sparrow  conveying  a  double  entendre,  of  the 
same  nature  as  the  "grey  duck"  celebrated  by  Pope  in  his  Chaucerian 
imitation,  or  the  "diavolo  in  inferno"  of  Boccaccio's  tale,  and  the  notion 
was  supported  by  Muretus,  Politian,  and  many  other  learned  scholars  of 
the  Middle  Ages,  and  occasioned  not  a  few  epigrams  more  or  less  unpre- 
sentable. On  what  ground  the  interpretation  was  based,  except  on  the 
natural  pruriency  of  the  critics,  it  is  difficult  to  discover  :  considered  as  a 
double  entendre  the  poem  at  once  loses  all  its  charm. 

In  the  seventh  and  eighth  lines  I  have  adopted  a  reading  suggested  by 
Professor  Munro,  to  whose  recently-published  volume  "Criticisms  and 


138 


Catullus. 


Elucidations  of  Catullus,"  I  hereby  beg  to  express  my  acknowledgments. 
He  reads  "  Credo  ut,  cum  gravis  acquiescet  ardor.  Sit  solaciolum  sui 
doloris,"  transposing  the  lines  as  ordinarily  printed,  and  making  the 
quieting  of  her  "gravis  ardor"  not  a  result  but  a  condition  of  the 
solaciolum,  a  correction  which  appears  on  the  whole  the  most  plausible 
and  satisfactory. 

The  story  of  Atalanta  alluded  to  in  the  last  lines  is  well  known. 
Hippomenes  became  the  fortunate  husband  of  that  swift-footed  maiden 
after  fulfilling  the  necessary  condition  of  beating  her  in  the  race.  This 
he  accomplished  by  the  simple  expedient,  suggested  by  Venus,  of  throwing 
golden  apples  in  her  path  which  she  stopped  to  pick  up,  and  in  con- 
sequence naturally  came  in  a  bad  second.  The  moral  is  obvious,  and 
cannot  be  said  in  these  days  to  have  lost  any  of  its  significance. 

CARMEN   III. 

This  poem,  delicate  in  its  pathos  and  perfect  in  its  finish,  has  enjoyed 
perhaps  a  greater  popularity  than  the  preceding  lines  on  Lesbia's  sparrow. 
Mr  Noel  has  collected  some  twenty-five  imitations  of  it  in  various 
languages,  and  both  Juvenal  and  Martial  allude  to  it  as  a  standard 
masterpiece.  Ovid  wrote  a  greatly  inferior  elegy  on  the  death  of  a  parrot, 
but  it  may  be  doubted  whether  Stella's  lament  over  the  loss  of  a  pet  dove 
would  have  borne  out  the  opinion  of  Martial  who  assigned  to  it  a  place 
superior  to  that  of  Catullus'  "passer." 


CARMEN   IV. 

In  this  poem  Catullus  describes  the  adventurous  voyage  he  undertook, 
probably  alone  in  his  jracht,  from  Asia  Minor  to  the  Lago  di  Garda,  in 
the  form  of  a  eulogistic  description  of  the  pinnace  which  had  served  him 
so  well.  He  appears  to  have  started  from  Amastris  in  Paphlagonia, 
thence  through  the  Hellespont  and  along  the  coast  of  Asia  Minor  to 
Rhodes,  thence  across  the  i^gean  to  the  Cyclades,  and  so  across  the 
Isthmus  of  Corinth  into  the  Adriatic,  and  finally  to  the  Lago  di  Garda  by 
way  of  the  Po  and  Mincio.  This  poem  has  also  been  abundantly  imitated 
and  parodied,  both  in  ancient  and  modern  times.    One  of  the  best  known 


Notes. 


139 


of  the  parodies  was  written  by  Julius  Caesar  Scaliger,  an  admirable  illus- 
tration of  the  bitterness  which  can  be  aroused  by  rivalry  in  purely  scholastic 
studies,  which  one  might  have  supposed  to  be  conducive  to  a  philosophi- 
cal calmness  of  judgment.  The  pedant  who  trusted  that  God  would 
confound  his  adversary  "  for  his  theory  of  irregular  verbs,"  was  temperate 
in  his  expression  of  dissent,  compared  with  the  outspoken  abuse  in  which 
Scaliger  indulged. 

Castor  and  Pollux,  heroes  developed  into  stars,  were  supposed  to  be 
the  guardians  of  sailors,  and  appear  in  this  character  throughout  all  clas- 
sical literature. 

CARMEN  V. 
Probably  one  of  the  first  poems  addressed  to  Lesbia.     These  lines  have 
also  been  endlessly  translated   and  imitated,  notably  by  Ben  Jonson, 
Herrick  and  Crashaw.     The  philosophy  of  the  poem  is  purely  Epicurean, 
and  the  same  idea,  that  of  making  the  most  of  the  present  vnoment  and 
leaving  the  future  to  take  care  of  itself,  breathes  in  burning  words  through 
the  Rubaiyat  of  Omar  Khayyam.     The  notion  that  things  of  which  the 
number  has  been  ascertained,  ran  a  greater  risk  of  disaster  appears  to 
have   been  almost  universal,   and   still  survives  in   the  superstitions   of 
gamesters,  and   also   in   popular   speech.     The  belief  possessed  by  the 
Israelites  that  a  numbering  of  the  people  was  generally  followed  by  some 
calamity,  was  probably  derived  from  the  same  source,  and  the  French 
proverb,  **  Brebis  comptes,  le  loup  les  mange,"  is  a  concrete  embodiment  of 
the  old  conception  of  cause  and  effect.     The  same  superstition  is  alluded 
to  in  the  following  poem,  Carmen  vii. 

CARMEN   VI. 

Nothing  is  known  of  the  person  to  whom  this  poem  is  addressed.  In 
the  poem  to  Camerius,  Carmen  Iv,  the  same  principle,  that  no  secrecy 
should  accompany  love  affairs  is  enforced,  and  the  precept  can  claim  the 
sanction  of  Plato. 

CARMEN   VII. 

A  passionate  love  song  addressed  to  Lesbia.     The  glow  and  fervour  of 
this  matchless  little  poem  have  found  many  imitators,  but  none  have 


140 


Catullus. 


approached  the  original.  One  might  say  of  Catullus,  as  was  said  of 
Voltaire,  that  he  expressed  better  than  any  one  else  what  every  one  felt, 
for  the  feelings  embodied  in  the  poem  are  the  common  emotions  of 
humanity,  the  comparisons  are  trite  and  obvious,  and  the  idea  of  the  silent 
stars  watching  the  course  of  earthly  passion,  finds  expression  in  the  litera- 
ture of  all  ages.  As  for  instance  in  Plato's  epigram,  'Aar^pas  elaaOpeis 
&ffT7)p  ifiSs.  etde  yevoLfiriv  O^pavbs  us  xoXXotj  6finaffiv  ets  ae  /SX^w,  and 
even  in  Sanscrit  literature  the  sky  is  spoken  of  as  thousand-eyed.  But 
none  the  less  does  the  indescribable  charm  of  the  diction  of  this,  and  of  all 
Catullus'  best  lyrical  efforts,  render  them  for  ever  a  despair  to  the  trans- 
lator and  imitator. 

Battus  was  the  reputed  founder  of  Cyrene  in  Libjra.     His  tomb  was 
about  four  hundred  miles  from  Ammon's  temple. 


CARMEN  VIII. 

This  poem  must  have  been  written  after  a  quarrel  with  Lesbia,  and  is 
placed  with  some  plausibility  by  Mr  Martin  first  of  the  poems  which  treat 
of  Lesbia's  desertion.  "No  poet,"  says  W.  S.  Landor,  "has  evinced 
such  power  in  the  expression  of  passion,  in  its  sudden  throbs  and  changes, 
as  Catullus  has  done  here,"  and  this  high  praise  cannot  be  said  to  be  un- 
deserved. The  form  of  fierce  love  conveyed  in  the  "  quoi  labella  mordebis  " 
finds  expression  in  other  parts  of  classical  literature.  Horace's  allusion  to 
it  is  well  known,  and  Plautus  speaks  of  the  "molles  morsiunculae  "  im- 
printed on  lovers'  lips.  The  style  of  self  address  adopted  in  this  poem  is  very 
common  in  Catullus'  works.  Andre  Chenier,  the  one  poet  of  genius  that 
the  French  Revolution  actually  produced  at  the  time,  has  a  passage 
obviously  imitated  from  the  lines  "Nunc  jam  ilia  non  vult,"  seq.  written 
in  the  same  style  of  self  address. 

**  Je  cessai  de  br^ler,  suis  mon  exemple,  cesse, 
On  aime  un  autre  amant,  aime  une  autre  mattresse 
Souffle  sur  ton  amour,  ami,  si  tu  me  crois, 
Ainsi  que  pour  m'  eteindre  elle  a  souffle  sur  moi." 


Notes. 


141 


CARMEN  IX. 

The  Verannius  to  whom  this  warm  greeting  is  addressed,  had  gone  to 
Spain  in  the  train  of  Calpumius  Piso.  He  is  mentioned  again  in  the 
poems  as  Fabullus'  companion,  and  as  forming  part  of  Piso's  suite,  under 
whom  they  seem  to  have  fared  as  badly  as  Catullus  did  under  Memmius. 

CARMEN  X. 

This  poem  was  apparently  written  after  Catullus'  return  from  Bithynia, 
where  the  exhaustion  of  the  province,  or  more  probably  Memmius'  recti- 
tude had  prevented  him  making  the  fortune  he  anticipated.  However,  he 
has  so  far  got  over  his  disappointment  that  he  can  jest  about  it,  so  the 
blow  could  not  have  been  very  severely  felt.  But  it  never  seems  to  occur 
to  him  that  Memmius  had  done  no  more  than  his  simple  duty  in  prevent- 
ing the  poet  from  plundering  the  unhappy  provincials.  Two  successive 
governors,  Aurelius  Cotta  and  Papirius  Carbo,  amassed  large  sums  by 
spoliation  in  the  same  province,  so  that  it  must  have  been  irritating  to  the 
easy  going  followers  of  Memmius  to  see  that  there  were  rich  natives  to  be 
squeezed,  while  their  efforts  in  the  direction  of  peculation  were  dis- 
countenanced by  their  chief. 

The  worship  of  Serapis  was,  after  much  opposition,  formally  introduced 
into  Rome  in  the  year  43  B.C.,  but  long  anterior  to  that  date  there 
must  have  been  private  temples,  and  possibly,  as  appears  from  a  passage 
in  Valerius  Maximus,  the  cult  was  known  in  Rome  soon  after  the  end  of 
the  second  Punic  War.  Serapis  as  a  deity  was  brought  to  Egypt  from 
Sinope  in  Pontus. 

CARMEN  XI. 

This  poem  must  be  one  of  the  latest  composed  by  Catullus,  as  Caesar's 
triumph  in  Britain  did  not  occur  till  B.C.  54,  and  the  poet's  death  must 
have  happened  very  soon  after  that  date.  Aurelius  and  Furius  are 
addressed  in  other  poems,  sometimes  with  bitterness,  and  in  one  poem 
with  pronounced  hostility.  Why  they  should  have  been  selected  as 
messengers  to  convey  Catullus'  ironical  farewell  to  Lesbia  and  her  lovers  it 
is  rather  difficult  to  conceive,  and  the  message  itself  seems  but  a  lame  and 


\ 


142 


Catullus, 


impotent  conclusion  after  the  long  and  serious  exordium.  Probably  the 
whole  poem  is  ironicaL  The  charming  lines  at  the  end  have  been  imi- 
tated by  Virgil.  "  Purpureus  veluti  cum  flos  succisus  oratro,  Languescit 
moriens."  Horace  in  his  ode  beginning,  **  Septimi  Gades  aditure  mecum  " 
has  obviously  imitated  this  poem,  but  cannot  be  said  to  have  surpassed  or 
even  equalled  it. 

CARMEN  XII. 

A  reproach  half  in  jest,  half  in  earnest,  addressed  to  Asinius  Pollio,  the 
elder  brother  of  the  friend  of  Horace  and  Virgil  for  stealing  a  napkin  at  a 
banquet,  a  serious  loss  to  the  unfortunate  owner  if  we  recollect  that  like 
most  Eastern  nations  at  the  present  day,  the  Romans  were  in  the  habit  of 
eating  with  their  fingers.  The  oflfence  or  practical  joke  is  alluded  to  in 
Carmen  xxv.,  and  it  seems  to  have  been  the  counterpart  of  the  laxity  of 
honesty  which  is  occasionally  manifested  in  modern  times  with  regard  to 
umbrellas. 

CARMEN  XIII. 

Possibly,  the  invitation  conveyed  in  this  poem  is  wholly  ironical,  and  is 
intended  to  retaliate  on  Fabullus  for  a  banquet  to  which  he  had  invited 
Catullus,  and  at  which,  like  the  Fabullus  of  Martial,  he  had  provided  only 
perfumes,  omitting  the  more  practical  duty  of  also  supplying  something  to 
eat  and  drink.  Or  perhaps  it  is  intended  merely  to  convey  the  idea  that, 
owing  to  the  disastrous  trip  to  Bithynia,  the  only  part  of  a  banquet  which 
Catullus'  slender  means  would  admit  of  his  purveying  was  that  part— by 
no  means  an  unimportant  one  at  a  Roman  dinner,— which  appealed  to  the 
nose  and  not  to  the  palate. 

CARMEN  XIV. 

A  satirical  poem  addressed  to  Licinius  Calvus  the  orator,  reproaching 
him  for  having  sent  a  collection  of  trashy  poetry,  and  threatening  a  like 
retaliation.  The  receiver  of  a  book  at  the  Saturnalia  was,  according  to 
Lucian,  traditionally  bound  to  read  it,  so  that  the  practical  joke  was  not 
altogether  destitute  of  point. 

Vatinius  had  been  prosecuted  by  Calvus  for  bribery,  and  was  a  man  of 


Notes. 


143 


notoriously  malignant  and  unpopular  temper.  Of  Caesius  nothing  is 
known,  but  Aquinius  seems  to  have  been  the  Tupper  of  the  period,  and  is 
mentioned  by  Cicero  as  a  typically  bad  poet. 


CARMEN  XVII. 

The  "  Colonia  "  to  which  this  poem  is  addressed  has  not  been  satis- 
factorily identified.  Mantua,  Cremona,  Bologna,  and  Comum  have  all  been 
suggested,  but  a  decision  of  the  point  is  not  a  matter  of  much  importance. 
The  Salian  rites  were  probably  ceremonies  in  honour  of  Mars,  though 
Salii  were  assigned  also  to  Hercules,  as  appears  from  a  passage  in  the 
iEneid,  and  also  to  Quirinus.  The  *'  Mari  stupide  "  has  been  a  favourite 
butt  through  all  ages,  but  the  desire  expressed  in  the  present  poem  that  he 
should  be  awakened  to  a  sense  of  his  responsibilities  is  perhaps  not  so 
common. 

CARMEN  XVIII.,  XIX.,  XX. 

Priapus  was  the  son  of  Bacchus  and  Venus,  and  Lampsacus  a  city  near 
the  Hellespont  was  reputed  to  have  had  the  honour  of  being  his  birth- 
place. His  sphere  of  action  was  such  as  might  have  been  expected  from 
his  parentage,  and  there  is  a  natural  fitness  in  connecting  him  with  a  shore 
which  was  famous  for  its  oysters.  This  and  the  two  following  poems  are 
addressed  to  him,  in  his  double  capacity  of  god  of  gardens,  which  was 
typified  in  the  sickle  with  which  his  bust  was  usually  armed,  and  god  of 
lasciviousness,  which  was  represented  by  a  "phallus"  of  by  no  means 
moderate  size.  These  three  poems  were  discovered  in  the  Catalecta  of 
Virgil,  but  have  been  usually  ascribed  to  Catullus,  and  appear  in  most 
editions  as  part  of  his  works. 

Mr  Swinburne  has  a  passage  closely  resembling  the  description  here 
given  of  the  offerings  to  Priapus. 

In  the  spring  he  had  crowns  of  his  garden, 
^         Red  com  in  the  heat  of  the  year. 

Then  hoary  green  olives  that  harden, 
When  the  grape  blossom  freezes  with  fear. 

M 


144 


Catullus. 


Notes, 


145 


CARMEN  XXII. 

Nothing  is  known  of  the  Suflfenus  here  lampooned.  The  allusion  at  the 
end  of  the  poem  is  to  the  well  known  fable  of  iEsop ;  the  propensity  to 
observe  the  mote  in  a  brother's  eye,  and  to  overlook  entirely  the  beam 
that  is  in  one's  own  eye  has  certainly  not  diminished  since  the  time  of 
^sop. 

CARMEN  XXIII. 

This  coarse  and  personal  attack,  the  scurrility  of  which  is  unredeemed 
by  any  flavour  of  wit,  is  directed  against  Furius,  and  was  probably  written 
subsequently  to  Carmen  xi.  It  illustrates  the  extreme  facility  with  which 
the  somewhat  feminine  nature  of  Catullus  could  change  warm  affection 
into  virulent  hate,  though  possibly  Furius  may  have  treated  this  scandalous 
lampoon  with  as  much  contempt  as  Caesar  subsequently  showed  for 
Catullus'  violent  invectives  against  him.  This  style  of  personal  Billings- 
gate has  happily  disappeared  from  literature.  Professor  Munro  describes 
this  poem  as  **  a  finished  and  witty  specimen  of  light  and  airy  banter." 
It  is  fortunate  perhaps  for  the  fame  of  Catullus  that  conceptions  of  wit  and 
airiness  differ,  to  most  minds  this  species  of  personal  banter  would  appear 
somewhat  like  Rawdon  Crawley's  jokes,  "about  as  delicate  as  a  kick  from 
his  charger." 

CARMEN  XXIV. 

A  remonstrance  addressed  to  the  object  of  his  affection,  probably  a 
sequel  to  the  preceding  poem,  warning  him  against  Furius.  It  may  be 
remarked  that  the  advice  is  based  on  the  lowest  possible  grounds,  that  the 
friendship  Juventius  had  formed  or  was  about  to  form  was  not  likely  to  be 
profitable  from  a  pecuniary  point  of  view. 

CARMEN  XXV. 

Schwabe  in  his  Quaestiones  Catullianae  attempts  to  identify  the  Thallus 
addressed  in  these  lines  with  the  Juventius  of  the  preceding  poem  ;  a  not 
very  probable  supposition.  The  trick  of  purloining  napkins  is  held  up  to 
reprobation  in  the  poem  addressed  to  Marrucinus  Asinius.     The  fifth  line 


J 


of  this  poem  has  always  formed  a  hopeless  crux  to  commentators,  and 
affords  a  fine  field  for  conjecture  on  the  part  of  critics  and  editors.  All 
readings  are  corrupt,  and  all  suggestions  would  appear  to  be  equally  un- 
satisfactory.    I  have  followed  an  elucidation  of  Professor  Ellis. 

CARMEN  XXVI. 

The  point  of  this  poem,  or  rather  epigram,  depends  on  the  disputed 
reading,  "nostra"  for  "vestra."  If  the  former  version  is  adopted,  the 
lines  justify  to  some  extent  the  assertions  of  critics  as  to  the  embarrassed 
state  of  Catullus'  finances  before  and  after  the  journey  to  Bithynia.  The 
pun  involved  in  the  word  "  opposita  "  which  means  **  facing  towards  "  and 
also  "mortgaged  "  is  difficult  to  represent  in  English. 

The  two  most  ancient  manuscripts,  probably  copied  from  the  original 
Veronese  manuscript,  differ  in  their  readings  of  the  first  line.  The  Oxford 
codex  has  "vestra,"  and  the  Paris  codex  Germanensis  has  "nostra." 
On  the  whole,  perhaps  it  is  more  natural  to  suppose  that  Catullus  was 
jesting  on  the  subject  of  his  own  poverty,  but  the  question  really  remains 
^qQdte  open. 

\  CARMEN  XXVII. 

The  only  drinking  song,  or  poem  in  praise  of  wine,  written  by  Catullus. 
The  banishment  of  water  implies  a  true  Bacchanalian  fervour,  for  it  was 
custom^>fy  among  the  Romans  to  drink  their  wine  diluted,  a  practice 
justified  vy  the  mythological  connexion  between  Bacchus,  and  the  water 
in  which  t>e  was  dipped  by  the  Naiads. 

\  CARMEN  XXVIII. 

An  ironicar  condolence  with  his  friends  on  the  bad  luck  they  had  had 
in  their  attempts  to  make  a  fortune  out  of  the  provinces,  winding  up  with 
an  attack  on  Qitullus'  pet  aversion,  the  praetor  Memmius.  This  Piso  is 
probably  Q.  Piso,  the  object  of  Cicero's  oration,  M.  Pisonem. 

CARMEN  XXIX. 

This  is  the  first  and  probably  the  best  known  of  the  attacks  on  Caesar. 
It  was,  if  we  may  tr\ist  Suetonius'  account,  (not  inhei^ently  improbable), 


\ 


146 


Catullus, 


withdrawn  and  apologized  for,  after  which  Caesar  asked  the  poet  to  dinner. 
Caesar  may  possibly  have  felt  that  the  invective  was  not  altogether  un- 
deserved. The  Mamurra  alluded  to  here,  is  mentioned  repeatedly  in  the 
poems,  sometimes  under  the  name  of  Mentula  ;  he  was  praefectus  fabrfim, 
engineer-in -chief  to  Csesar  in  Gaul,  and  was  celebrated  for  his  luxury  and 
ostentation. 

CARMEN  XXX. 

It  is  difficult  to  explain  this  poem,  and  quite  uncertain  who  the 
Alphenus  is,  who  is  addressed  in  it.  It  is  a  touching  expression  of 
disappointed  friendship. 

CARMEN  XXXI. 

This  charming  poem  must  have  been  written  on  his  return  home  in  the 
pinnace  after  his  fruitless  journey  to  Bithynia.     The  perfect  grace  and 
beauty  of  these  lines  are  not  inadequate  to  the  loveliness  of  the  spot  which 
they  celebrate.     It  was  formerly  thought  that  the  extensive  ruins  which 
exist  at  the  end  of  the  peninsula  were  the  ruins  of  his  villa.     The  under- 
ground passage  called  Catullus'  grotto  is  still  described  in  the  local  giyTcTe 
book  as  the  place  where  Catullus  composed  most  of  his  poems  !     B^t  it 
has  been  conclusively  shown  since  the  excavations  by  Orti  that  the  build- 
ings were  of  a  much  later  date,  probably  not  earlier  than  Constfintine. 
But  the  natural  features  of  the  place  remain  unchanged,  and  gazin/g  at  the 
lovely  scenery  of  the  Lago  di  Garda  from  the  extremity  of  the  aeninsula, 
one  can  readily  sympathise  with  Catullus'  enthusiasm  on  behplding  his 
lovely  Sirmio  again  after  a  residence  in  the  dusty  plains  of  Asia.     The 
poet's  description  of  his  home  as  a  peninsula  or  island  is  ju/tified  by  the 
natural  features  of  the  place.     On  the  melting  of  the  Alnine  snows  the 
lake  becomes  so  full  that  the  narrow  neck  of  land  conndcting  Sermione 
\inth  the  mainland  is  overflowed,  and  the  villagers  are  dejJendent  on  boats 
for  their  communications.     The  peninsula  itself  is  cohered  with  olives, 
showing  a  milder  climate  than  that  which  reigns  in  tne  country  around, 
and  a  more  fascinating  site  for  a  secluded  retreat  can  pardly  be  conceived. 
It  is  the  one  spot  round  which  memories  of  Catullus  cluster,  and  to  all 
admirers  of  the  "terse  muse"  of  that  radiant  genius  Sermione  is   as 


Notes, 


147 


Weimar  or  Stratford-on-Avon.  This  feeling  finds  local  expression  in  the 
name  of  the  village  inn,  which  rejoices  in  the  appellation  of  "Albergo 
Catullo,"  and  induced  Napoleon  I.,  who  was  always  ready  to  parade  his 
somewhat  limited  acquaintance  with  classical  literature,  to  turn  aside 
when  on  his  way  to  sign  the  treaty  of  Campo  Formio  to  visit  the  poet's 
residence.  It  was  surveyed  two  years  after  by  the  French  general 
Lacombe  Saint  Michel,  and  a  grand  fete  was  held  on  the  occasion. 
Catullus  was  toasted  as  a  Latin  poet,  "dont  les  productions  respirent  la 
grace  et  I'enjouement."  If  the  French  avfiiroalapxos  of  the  period  could 
find  nothing  better  to  say  of  Catullus  than  this,  it  would  have  been  wiser 
to  have  drunk  the  toast  in  solemn  silence.  Napoleon  III.  naturally 
deemed  it  necessary  to  imitate  the  example  of  his  great  model,  and  the 
boatman  who  rowed  me  across  from  Desenzano  informed  me  that  he  had 
twice  taken  the  author  of  the  Life  of  Julius  Caesar  across  to  Sermione. 

Why  Benacus  is  called  the  Lydian  lake  is  not  very  obvious.  Livy 
mentions  a  Tuscan  settlement  as  having  taken  place  in  the  territory  of 
Verona,  and  the  Tuscans  were  traditionally  descended  from  the  Lydians, 
but  the  derivation  is  far  fetched. 

CARMEN   XXXIV. 

A  song  to  Diana  probably  composed  for  some  festival.  It  is  not,  like 
that  of  Horace,  a  carmen  seculare,  as  the  secular  games  had  fallen  into 
disuse  at  the  time  Catullus  wrote,  and  were  only  restored  subsequently  by 
Augustus.  The  earlier  tradition  represents  Apollo  alone  as  having  been 
bom  at  Delos,  but  as  far  back  as  Pindar,  Artemis  was  associated  with  him 
as  a  twin  sister.  Diana  was  represented  under  a  great  variety  of  names, 
and  almost  as  many  attributes,  probably  added  on  to  the  original  lunar 
myth  at  different  epochs. 

CARMEN   XXXV. 

The  "Mighty  Mother"  here  mentioned  is  Cybele  who  plays  so 
important  a  part  in  the  Atys. 

CARMEN   XXXVI. 

The  Annals  of  Volusius  appear  to  have  been  an  historical  poem,  written 
possibly  by  a  fellow-countryman  of  the  poet's.     Catullus'  prophecy  that 


148 


Catullus, 


they  would  not  survive  many  ages  has  been  justified  by  the  result,  and, 
perhaps,  the  world  has  not  lost  much  by  their  disappearance.  Roman 
superstition,  ever  on  the  look  out  for  some  way  of  explaining  phenomena, 
imagined  that  even  firewood  could  be  divided  into  lucky  and  unlucky 
kinds.  As  a  rule  the  wood  of  fruit  trees  was  regarded  as  lucky.  Venus 
is  addressed  in  this  poem  as  mistress  of  a  number  of  places  connected 
with  her  worship.  Idalium  is  in  Cyprus,  her  earliest  home,  Cnidus  is  in 
Caria,  and  was  celebrated  for  containing  Praxiteles'  famous  statue  of  the 
goddess,  Amathus  and  Golgi  were  both  cities  of  Cyprus. 

CARMEN    XXXVIII. 

The  Cornificius  to  whom  this  poem  is  addressed  was  probably  the 
poet  of  that  name.  Catullus  reproaches  him  with  having  neglected  to 
soothe  his  sorrow  by  any  words  of  sympathy. 

Simonides  was  the  celebrated  elegiac  poet  of  Ceos  who  is  said  to 
have  composed  an  elegy  over  those  that  fell  at  Marathon,  which  was 
preferred  to  that  of  ^Eschylus.     Of  his  works  but  a  few  fragments  remain. 

Of  this  poem  Lord  Macaulay  wrote,  "The  lines  to  Cornificius,  written 
evidently  from  a  sick-bed ;  and  part  of  the  poem  beginning  '  Si  qua 
recordanti,'  affect  me  more  than  I  can  explain  ;  they  always  move  me  to 
tears. "  This  feeling  will  probably  be  shared  by  all  who  have  any  sense 
of  pathos  in  language. 

CARMEN  XXXIX. 

A  personal  attack  on  Egnatius,  one  of  Lesbia's  lovers,  who  is  also 
alluded  to  in  Carmen  xxxvii. 

CARMEN   XL. 

The  Ravidus  against  whom  this  short  poem  is  directed  cannot  be 
identified  with  any  known  character.  He  appears  to  have  rivalled 
Catullus  either  in  his  love  for  Lesbia,  or  in  his  passion  for  Juventius. 

CARMEN    XLII. — XLIII. 

The  Mamurra,  whose  mistress  is  the  object  of  this  attack,  has  been 
before  alluded  to,  vide  Carmen  xxix.  The  reading  of  the  last  two  lines  is 
very  corrupt. 


Notes, 


T49 


Carmen  xliii.  is  interesting  as  showing  what  were  considered  points  of 
beauty  among  the  Romans  of  this  day. 


CARMEN   XLIV. 

A  humorous  address  to  his  farm,  whither  he  had  fled  to  get  rid  of  a 
cold  and  cough  inflicted  on  him  by  a  portentous  bore  having  insisted  upon 
readbg  aloud  his  own  compositions.  Why  Catullus  should  be  anxious 
that  kis  farm  should  be  considered  as  belonging  to  the  Tiburtine  territory 
is  not  apparent,  possibly  because  it  was  a  more  aristocratic  neighbour- 
hood than  the  Sabine  district. 

CARMEN   XLV. 

This  poem  has  like  all  Catullus*  best  lyrical  efforts  enjoyed  a  great 
popularity,  and  been  frequently  translated,  notably  by  Cowley  and 
Leigh  Hunt.  Sneezing  was  considered  an  omen  as  far  back  as  Homer's 
time,  and  is  still  looked  upon  as  a  manifestation  of  demoniac  influence 
among  most  Oriental  nations.  The  mention  of  Syria  and  Britain  as  the 
limits  of  the  civilized  world  has  suggested  that  this  poem  was  probably 
composed  in  B.C.  55,  when  those  two  countries  were  invaded  by  Caesar 
and  Crassus  respectively. 

CARMEN   XLIX. 

The  question  as  to  whether  this  poem  was  written  after  or  before 
Cicero's  speech  in  defence  of  M.  Caelius  Rufus  has  been  considered  in  the 
preface.  Schwabe  in  his  Quaestiones  Catullianae  is  inclined  to  think  that 
it  was  composed  to  commemorate  Cicero's  services  on  that  occasion. 

CARMEN  LI. 

A  translation  of  Sappho's  well  known  ode,  preserved  by  Longinus,  one 
of  the  few  fragments  which  have  come  down  to  us.  **  Nothing,"  says 
W.  S.  Landor,  "can  surpass  the  graces  of  this,  and  though  a  translation, 
hardly  any  poem  of  Catullus  vibrates  with  such  intense  emotion,  or  shows 
more  genuine  poetical  originality."  It  is  not  a  very  accurate  rendering  of 
the  Greek,  and  the  fourth  strophe  has  been  apparently  omitted,  or  more 
probably  lost  through  the  ravage  of  time.     In  its  place  we  have  a  some- 


ISO 


Catullus, 


Notes. 


151 


what  commonplace  moral,  which  docs  not  appear  to  belong  to  the 
properly  speaking,  though  doubtless  there  is  some  connexion  of  thpugl 
As  it  stands  it  is  undoubtedly  a  blot,  and  mars  the  effect  of  the  preci 
lines ;  the  goody-goody  tone  of  reflection,  and  mediocrity  of  language 
almost  reduce  the  last  four  lines  to  the  level  of  George  Osborne's  well-known 
essay  on  selfishness  in  Vanity  Fair,  and  it  is  probable  that  they  may 
an  interpolation  of  an  entirely  different  hand.     I  have  omitted  them  in  m; 
translation  altogether.     Since  the  days  of  Addison  the  favourite  versioa 
this  poem  has  been  that  of  Ambrose  Phillij>s  which  is  here  given. 

Blest  as  ih'  immortal  gods  is  he, 
The  youth  who  fondly  sits  by  thee, 
And  hears  and  sees  thee  all  the  while 
Softly  speak  and  sweetly  smile. 

1'was  that  deprived  my  soul  of  rest, 
And  raised  such  tumults  in  my  breast. 
For  while  I  gazed,  in  transport  tossed. 
My  breath  was  gone,  my  voice  was  lost 

My  bosom  glowed  ;  the  subtle  flame 
Ran  quick  through  all  my  vital  frame  ; 
On  my  dim  eyes  a  darkness  hung. 
My  ears  with  hollow  murmurs  rung. 

'  With  dewy  damp  my  limbs  were  chilled. 
My  blood  with  gentle  horrors  thrilled, 
My  feeble  pulse  forgot  to  play, 
I  fainted,  sank,  and  died  away. 

Similar  currents  of  emotion  find  expression  in  modern  poetry.     Shelley 
in  his  lines  to  Constantia  singing  has  represented  nearly  the  same  process  ? 
of  violent  effect  produced  by  love.  .( 

Horace  in  his  ode  beginning,  "Integer  vitx  scelerisque  purus"  must  have 
had  this  translation  or  the  original  in  his  mind  ;  the  lines  with  which  he  r 
concludes,  "Dulce  ridentem  Lalagen  amabo,  Dulce  loquentem  "  are  per«^ 


>p$  more  musical  than  any  Catullus  has  written  in  this  poem,  but  the 
of  the  ode,  while  resembling  the  Acme  and  Scptimius,  falls  far  short 
fCttuUus'  best  efforts  in  originality  and  spontaneitv. 

CARMEN  LI  I. 

Probably  one  of  Catullus'  last  utterances.     Conclusions  as  to  the  date  of 
death  are  to  a  great  extent  based  on  these  lines,  a  subject  which  has 
considered  in  the  Introduction. 

CARMEN  LIII. 

A  humorous  tribute  to  the  oratory  of  C.  Licinius  Calvus.  The  word 
"salaputium"  in  the  last  line  does  not  occur  elsewhere,  and  a  variety  of 
other  words  have  been  suggested  in  its  place.  It  probably  is  a  diminutive 
of  endearment,  but  its  precise  meaning  is  not  a  matter  of  much  importance. 
As  an  orator  Calvus  would  seem  to  have  ranked  only  second  to  Cicero, 
ind  it  is  unfortunate  that  none  of  his  speeches  have  been  preserved. 
Quinctilian  has  preserved  one  passage  from  his  celebrated  oration  against 
Vitinius  which  gives  one  a  notion  of  the  incisive  character  of  his  oratory. 
It  was  in  the  course  of  this  speech  that  the  unfortunate  Vatinius  started 
from  his  seat  and  artlessly  enquired,  "Am  I  to  be  condemned,  because 
«y  accuser  is  eloquent  ?  '*  The  effect  produced  must  have  been  very 
^eat  to  have  caused  such  an  exclamation. 

CARMEN  LV. 

This  poem  is  interesting  chiefly  as  a  description  of  the  fashionable 

haunts  of  the  Rome  of  that  day.     Pompeius'  theatre  is  supposed  to  have 

been  completed  in  B.C.  55.     The  "ambulatio"  was  the  piazza  adjoining. 

Talus  was  a  giant  constructed  of  brass  made  by  Ilcphxstos  to  guard  the 

island  of  Crete.     Rhesus  is  one  of  the  characters  in  the  Iliad,  where  he 

.appears  as  king  of  Thrace  and  ally  of  Priam.     The  story  of  the  capture  of 

.his  steeds  on  the  night  of  his  arrival  by  Odysseus  and  Diomedes  is  one  of 

Ihe^  most  graphic  and  exciting  passages  in  Homer.     Ladas  was  the  well 

Lnown  swift  courser  of  Alexander,  and  the  story  of  Perseus  with  his  winged 

.sandals  is  familiar  to  every  child  who  has  read  Kingsley's  fascinating 

'Heroes.* 


■■  ■  V 


152 


Catullus. 


CARMEN  LVII, 

Another  poem   directed   against   Cxsar   and   his  favourite  Mamurra. 
Vide  Carmen  xxix. 

CARMEN   LVIII. 

This  must  be  one  of  the  last  of  the  Ixsbia  series,  and  jwrtrays  the 
despair  with  which   the   poet  vieweil   the   woman    he   had  once  lo 
descended  into  the  very  lowest  abyss  of  degradation.     There  is  ^  m^ 
ful  pathos  about  the  first  three  lines,  but  the  two  last  rather  mar 
effect,  and  the  word  ''glubit"  strikes  the  ear  with  a  sense  of 
incongruity,  like  the  introduction  of  the  word  "machine  "  in  Wordswo; 
exquisite  lines  beginning  '*  She  was  a  phantom  of  delight," 

CARMEN   LIX. 

Nothing  is  known  of  the  characters  mentioned  in  this  poem.     It  was, 
probably,  a  pasquinade. 

CARMEN   LX. 

Merely  a  fragment,  supposed  by  Scaliger  to  be  part  of  the  pr< 
lines,  but  it  is  difhcult  to  see  any  connexion  between  them. 


-M 


CARMEN   IJCI. 


Few  poems  of  Catullus  are  so  familiar  or  have  been  so  widely  quote 
and  imitated  as  this  Epithalamium.     "  Among  his  longer  |Kxrms," 
Professor  Sellar,  *'  none  is  more  beautiful  than  the  nuptial  ode  in  celel 
tion  of  the  marriage  of  his  friend  Manlius,  a  member  of  the  famous  housed 
of  Torquati.     In  this  poem,  more  than  in  any  other,  Catullus  seems  to] 
pour  forth  the  fulness  of  his  heart.  ' 

**  In  profuse  strains  of  unpremeditated  art  ** 

it  is  marked  by  all  the  excellencies  of  his  shorter  pieces,  and  by  poetic 
beauty  of  a  much  finer  order    *    *    The  tone  of  the  whole  poem  is  onei 
joy,  changing  from  the  tumultuous  rapture  of  expectation  in  the  oj 
lines  to  the  deep  secure  sense  of  happiness,  expressed  in  the  closing  stanzas.^ 
This  celebrated  poem  has  served  as  the  model  of  all  epithalamia.     Hoi 


Notes, 


153 


ipenscr  has  imitated  it  is  known  lo  every  student  of  English  literature,  and 
Hcrrick  and  Jonson  have  paraphrased  many  of  the  finest  passages.     Sir 
William  Jones  in  his  Epithalamium  on  the  marriage  of  Lord  Si>etiser  has  in 
several  passages  translated  it  almost  word  for  word.     Properly  speaking 
W  Epithalamium  was  the  song  chaunlctl  by  a  band  of  youths  or  mai<lcns 
itiide  the  bridal  chaml>cr,  after  the  newly  married  pair  had  retired.^ 
is  song  is  rather  a  description  of  the  successive  steps  in  the  marriage  / 
lony,  and  apart  from  its  poetic  beauties  is  interesting  as  a  picturesque    ^ 
•unt  of  a  purely  Roman  marriage.     It  may  possibly  have  l)een  com-     ) 
to  tome  extent  in  imitation  of  Sappho's  Epithal.lmia,  of  which  some 
icnU  remain,  but  though  the  invocation  is  Greek,  the  imagery  and 
lustrations  are  entirely  Roman,  so  that  its  originality  remains  unimpeached. 
critics  are  agreed  in  their  appreciation  of  the  exceeding  beauty  of  this 
m.     "As  we  read,"  says  Mr  Theodore  Martin,  **  we  seem  to  see  the 
Egures  of  a  Flaxman  pass  before  us  steeped  in  the  warm  hues  of  a  Titian 
or  Paul  Veronese."     "Never,"  writes  W.  S.  Landor,  "was  there,  and 
^  never  will  there  be,  probably,  a  nuptial  song  of  equal  beauty."     It  need 
lurdly  be  said  that  any  translation  must  of  necessity  be  miserably  inade- 
quate to  represent  the  fascinating  charm  of  the  original.     Aulius  Manlius 
(Torquatus  was  probably  the  bridegroom  addressed.     Catullus  condoles 
f  with  his  subsequent  loss  of  his  bride  in  a  following  poem,  and  he  appears 
lo  have  been  one  of  the  poet's  most  intimate  friends. 
^  (l.)  Hymcnxus  was  variously  represented  as  the  son  of  Calliope  and 
[Apollo,  and  Terpsichore  and  Apollo,  sometimes,  as  here,  as  the  offspring 
flf  Urania. 
\.   (2.)  The  flammeum  was  a  reddish-yellowish  veil  which  covered   the 
whole  person,  leaving  the  face  partially  exposed. 
(3.)  An  allusion  to  the  well  known  judgment  of  Paris. 
(4.)  The  Thcfpian  rock  in  Helicon. 
V   (5,)  An  allusion  to  the  circumstance  that  originally  none  but  frceborn 
Roman  ciliiens  were  allowed  to  serve  in  the  legions. 

(6.)  On  the  appearance  of  the  bride  the  "  domum  deductio"  began, 
':■  which  was  usually  accompanied  with  coarse  merriment,  and  the  throwing  of 
rwaJnuts  among  the  crowd.     The  essentially  Roman  name  Thalassius  is  here 


154 


Catullus. 


Notes. 


'55 


It » 


used,  which  was  the  traditional  name  of  the  youth  who  got  the  fairest  bri< 
at  the  Rape  of  the  Sabines,  and  was  afterwards  deified  and  identified  wi 
Hymen.     The  Fescennine  verses,  a  name  derived  from  an  old  E 
town,  were  always  more  or  less  indecent,  so  that  Catullus  in  his  imitati 
of  them  here  has.  only  foUowctl  the  traditional  character  of  these  so 
much  as  the  prologue  to  **  Faust "  imitates  the  irreverent  buffoonery  of 
medixval  miracle-plays.     Professor  Ramsay  remarks  on  this,  that  *' 
coarse  imitation  of  Fescennine  poems  leaves  on  our  minds  a  strongc; 
impression  of  the  prevalence  and  extent  of  Roman  vices  than  any  o 
passage  in  the  Latin  classics,"  but  it   is  hardly   necessary  to  draw 
harsh  conclusion  if  we  consider  that  probably  by  this  time  the  words 
ceased  to  convey  any  statement  of  facts,  and  were  merely  looked  upon 
a  necessary  part  of  the  ceremony  which  had  become  sanctioned  by 

(7.)  The  bride  was  lifted  over  the  threshold,  possibly  in  order  to  tv 
the  chance  of  an  ill-omened  stumble,  or  possibly  as  a  tribute  to 
sanctity  of  the  threshold.     She  was  then  handed  over  to  the  "  pronuba, 
a  chaste  matron  who  had  had  but  one  husband,  whose  duty  it  was  to  lay 
on  the  marriage  couch.     Her  veil  was  removed  either  by  the  "  pronuba 
or  by  the  husband  himself.      In  the  Aldobrandine  fresco,  which 
found  in  the  baths  of  Titus  the  bride  is  represented  as  sitting  veiled  OQ 
bed,  at  the  foot  of  which  is  seated  the  husband,  while  the  "  pronuba" 
placed  near  the  bride  apparently  soothing  her  agitation. 

(8.)  The  poem  closes  with  what  we  may  suppose  to  have  been  almost  tj 
conventional  reference  to  that   paragon   of  wifely  and  motheriy  virt 
Penelope.     Catullus  appears  to  think,  and  readers  of  the  Odyssey  will 
be  disposed  to  agree  with  him,  that  "  the  prudent  Telemachus' " 
title  to  fame,  is  the  fact  of  his  being  Penelope's  son.     He.  himself  wis 
scarcely  calculated  to  excite  much  enthusiastic  admiration. 

CARMEN   LXII. 

There  is  no  means  of  determining  for  whom  this  Epithalamium  wa&j 
written,  and  there  is  nothing  to  show  that  it  was  intended  to  celebrate  the] 
marriage  of  Manlius  Torquatus  and  Julia.     The  form  of  the  poem,  and^ 


the  allusions  are  almost  entirely  Greek,  parts  of  it  are  obviously  copied 

Theocritus'  Epithalamium  of  Helen,  and   the  refrain    "Hymen  o 

TlTmenaec,"  is  the  regular  conclusion  of  a  Greek  Epithalamium,   as   in 

idra's  frantic  song  in  Euripides.     Though  not  equal  in  beauty  to 

preceding  poem,  it  has  many  charming  passages,  and  the  two  similes 

to  maidenhood  have  been  as  much  imitated  as  perhaps  any  line 

^Catullus'  work. 

[{l.)  There  is  a  slight  confusion  in  the  Geography  here,  as  from  no  point 

jView  could   the  evening  star   rise   over   Mount   >Eta  and   Olympus 

lultaneously. 

,)  Catullus  here  expresses  a  prevalent  but  erroneous  idea  that   the 

and  morning  stars  were  the  same  on  the  same  day. 

t(3.)  Ariosto  has  imitated  this  passage  closely  in  the  well  known  lines 

inning — 
•  If 

La  verginella  e  simile  alia  rosa 

Che'n  bel  giardin  su  la  natura  spina 

Montre  sola  e  sicura  si  riposa 

Ne  gregge  ni  pastor  se  la  avvicina. 

Etc.,  Cant.  I,  42. 

Tasso  in  the  lines  beginning — 

Del  roira  (eglj  canto)  spuntar  la  rosa 
Dal  verde  suo  modesta  e  virginclla, 

>bably  had  this  poem  in  his  mind. 

^The  passage  from  Tasso  has   been  finely  rendered   into   English  by 
Jpcnser  in  the  Faery  Queen,  B.    H.   C.  12,  in  the  well-known  lines 
ig— 

Th^  whiles  some  one  did  chaunt  this  lovely  lay. 
Ah,  see  who  so  fair  thing  doest  faine  to  see. 

In  springing  flowre,  the  image  of  thy  day, 
Ah,  see  the  virgin  rose,  etc. 

(4.)  The  last  few  lines  are  somewhat  drily  didactic  ;   considering  that 
itullus  has  himself  expressed  the  conviction  in  the  poem  on  Berenice's 


156 


Catullus. 


hair,  that  the  virgin's  reluctance  was  usually  feigned,  it  would  seem 
hardly  necessary  to  resort  to  such  exceedingly  prosaic  arguments  to  over- 
come her  coyness.  Professor  Sellar  has  plausibly  suggested  that  the  whole 
poem  may  be  an  adaptation  of  a  Greek  original,  a  theory  which  the  general 
want  of  spontaneity  goes  far  to  support.  The  mathematical  division  of  the 
bride's  virginity  certainly  is  derived  from  Greek  sources. 

Ben  Jonson  in  the  "  Barriers  "  has  translated  the  passage,  "  Ut  flos  in 
septis  secretus  nascitur  hortis  "  s(^q.,  almost  word  for  word,  in  the  Dialogue 
between  Opinion  and  Truth. 

CARMEN    LXIII. 

The  cult  of  Cybele  dates  from  a  very  early  period  in  Greek  history  or 
mythology.  The  mighty  mother  is  mentioned  in  a  Homeric  hymn,  but  it 
is  not  till  the  time  of  Aristophanes,  or  rather  Theopompus  that  the  story  of 
Atys  appears  in  connexion  with  her  worship.  The  poem  is  written  in 
Galliambics,  a  metre  traditionally  associated  with  Cybele,  and  derived  from 
the  Gain,  as  the  followers  of  Cybele  were  called,  probably  after  an  early 
votary,  Gallus.  The  original  seat  of  the  cult  was  Phrygia,  but  it  spread 
rapidly  over  Asia  Minor,  where  Herodotus  mentions  it  as  firmly  estab- 
lished, and  thence  into  Greece.  It  was  not  introduced  into  Rome  till 
the  second  Punic  war,  and  the  legend  of  Atys  hardly  became  familiar 
in  Rome  till  after  the  titne  of  Catullus,  who  refrained  from  following  the 
ordinary  version  of  the  myth,  but  struck  out  in  an  original  line  of  his  own. 
Any  criticism  on  this  poem,  perhaps  the  finest  in  the  Latin  language,  can 
only  express  itself  in  the  superlatives  of  unmeasured  admiration.  Gibbon's 
enthusiasm  was  roused  by  its  unequalled  vigour  and  sublimity,  Dryden 
held  that  **  no  modern  could  put  into  his  own  language  the  energy  of 
that  single  poem  of  Catullus,"  and  if  so  great  a  master  of  vigorous  Eng- 
lish could  hold  this  opinion,  any  translator  must  necessarily  consider  him- 
self open  to  the  charge  of  presumptuous  rashness.  "The  Atjrs,"  says 
Professor  Sellar,  "b^he  most  original  of  all  his  poems.  As  a  work  of 
pure  imagination  it  is  the  most  remarkable  poetical  creation  in  the  Latin 
language.  In  this  poem  Catullus  throws  himself  with  marvellous  power 
into  a  character  and  situation  utterly  alien  to  common  experience,  and  pours 


Notes, 


157 


an  intense  flood  of  human  feeling  and  passion  into  a  legend  of  the  strangest 
oriental  superstition.  *  *  No  translation  ever  written  could  produce  that  im- 
pression of  genuine  creative  power  which  is  forced  upon  every  reader  of  the 
Atys."  Perhaps  it  is  only  after  attempting  to  render  it  into  English  verse, 
that  this  melancholy  conviction  is  fully  realized,  and  one  has  to  recognize 
the  fact  that  only  a  very  faint  adumbration  of  the  splendour  of  the  original 
is  perceptible  through  the  foreign  medium  ;  but  I  may  be  allowed  to  ex- 
press my  conviction  that,  English  galliambics,  such  as  they  might  be 
written  by  a  master  of  language,  form  the  only  conceivable  metre  in  which 
the  rapid  frenzy,  and  infinite  variety  of  passionate  emotion  can  be  at  all 
reproduced. 

(i.)  One  of  the  three  Graces  bestowed  in  marriage  on  the  god  of  sleep. 

(2. )  This  enthusiastic  admiration  for  the  perfection  of  manly  beauty  is 
a  train  of  sentiment  essentially  Greek,  probably  induced  by  the  expos- 
ure of  the  nude  figure  in  the  paloestra,  and  associated  with  all  the  highest 
religious  conceptions.  The  idea  that  the  body  was  a  temple  of  sin,  to  be 
subdued  and  mortified  for  the  benefit  of  the  soul's  purity,  had  not  dawned 
on  the  Greek  mind. 


CARMEN   LXIV. 

This  is  the  longest  and  most  elaborately  worked  up  of  all  Catullus* 
poems.  The  subject  of  the  whole  is  marriage,  illustrated  by  the  blissful 
union  between  Peleus  and  Thetis,  a  wedding  favoured  and  blessed  by  the 
gods,  and  the  melancholy  story  of  Ariadne,  to  point  the  unimpeachable 
moral  that  passion  unsanctified  by  marriage  ends  in  misery  and  disaster. 
Viewed  in  this  light,  the  episode  of  Ariadne  though  not  altogether  artist- 
ically inserted,  is  not  wholly  out  of  place,  but  the  plot  of  the  poem,  if 
such  it  may  be  called,  is  probably  borrowed  from  some  Alexandrine 
source.  It  proves,  however,  that  Catullus  might  have  taken  high  rank 
as  an  epic  poet,  and  Scaliger  showed  a  right  appreciation  when  he  pro- 
nounced that  it  approached  nearer  the  divinity  of  the  ^Eneid  than  any  other 
poem.  The  story  of  Peleus  and  Thetis  was  familiar  to  all  classical 
writers,  and  was  circumstantially  described  by  Pindar.  Ariadne  was  no 
Idss  a  favourite  character  in  ancient  literature,  and  it  is  hardly  necessary 


158 


Catullus, 


to  go  through  the  bare  facts  of  either  myth,  well  known  as  they  are  by 
every  one  who  is  the  possessor  of  a  classical  Dictionary. 

(i.)  Phasis  was  a  river  of  Colchis  up  which  the  Argonauts  sailed. 
The  story  of  the  Golden  Fleece  has  been  admirably  told  in  Kingsley's 
Heroes.     iEetes,  the  King  of  Colchis,  and  father  of  Medea. 

(2.)  Both  Zeus  and  Poseidon  had  desired  to  possess  Thetis,  but  on 
hearing  Themis'  prophecy  that  the  child  bom  would  be  stronger  than  the 
father,  both  sagaciously  consented  that  she  should  wed  some  one  else. 
Zeus  apparently  had  no  desire  to  experience  the  domestic  revolution  to 
which  he  had  subjected  his  own  father. 

(3.)  Tempe,  Cranon,  and  Larissa  are  all  in  Thessaly.  Scyros  an 
island  in  the  iEgean. 

(4.)  Dia,  the  divine  island  is  Naxos,  which  was  sacred  to  Bacchus. 

(5.)  Er)rx  was  the  reputed  son  of  Venus  and  Bootes,  who  built  the  town 
and  temple  of  that  name,  which  was  dedicated  to  the  worship  of  Venus. 
In  the  iEneid,  the  temple  is  represented  as  having  been  founded  by 
iEneas. 

(6.)  Gortynian,  t.  e.^  Cretan.   Gortyna  was  a  city  and  headland  of  Crete. 

(7.)  Eurotas,  the  river  of  Sparta.  Golgi  and  Idalium  are  both  in 
Cyprus. 

(8. )  The  Minotaur  was  a  half  brother  of  Ariadne's,  being  the  fruit  of  an 
unnatural  passion  her  mother  Pasiphae  had  conceived  for  a  bull. 

(9.)  Athene.     Itone  was  a  town  in  Boeotia. 

(10.)  Where  Nysa  was  is  uncertain,  it  is  placed  by  some  in  Arabia,  by 
others  in  Asia  Minor  or  Thrace. 

(11.)  Chiron,  the  well-known  Centaur  and  inhabitant  of  Thessaly. 

(12.)  Peneus  was  a  river  god,  offspring  of  Oceanus.  Prometheus' 
tragical  history  is  familiar  to  all. 

(13.)  Apollo  probably  foresaw  that  the  hero  to  be  bom  of  this  marriage 
was  the  destined  destroyer  of  his  favourite  city,  Troy,  and  so  abstained 
from  being  present  at  the  ceremony. 

(14.)  Emathian,  i.  e.,  Thessaliati. 

(15.)  The  curse  on  the  house  of  Pelops  was  supposed  to  have  had  its 
origin  in  the  imprecation   uttered  by  Myrtilus,  to  whom   Pelops  had 


Notes. 


159 


1- 


promised  half  his  kingdom,  for  the  assistance  given  him  in  a  chariot  race 
with  Oenomaus.  He  won  the  race,  and  married  Oenomaus'  daughter, 
but  broke  his  promise  and  threw  Myrtilus  into  the  sea.  • 

(16.)  Polyxena,  a  daughter  of  Priam's,  betrothed  to  Achilles  at  the 
time  of  his  death. 

(17.)  This  absurd  test  of  the  consummation  of  a  marriage  still  survives 
in  parts  of  Italy  and  elsewhere. 

(18.)  Triton,  a  small  river  in  Boeotia,  and  a  marsh  in  Africa,  both 
sacred  to  Pallas. 

(19.)  Nemesis,  whose  temple  and  statue  existed  at  Rhamnus  in  Attica. 

(20.)  Catiline  murdered  his  son  in  order  to  marry  Aurelia  Orestilla. 

(21.)  Supposed  to  be  an  allusion  to  the  incestuous  love  of  Semiramis 
for  Ninus. 

This  concluding  lamentation  over  the  withdrawal  of  the  gods  in 
righteous  indignation  from  the  haunts  of  men  is  of  the  very  highest  order 
of  majestic  poetry. 

CARMEN   LXV. 

This  short  poem  was  written  as  an  introduction  to  the  succeeding 
translation  of  Callimachus'  Coma  Berenices,  which  was  sent  to  Hortalus, 
probably  the  orator,  Cicero's  rival.  It  contains  the  first  intimation  of  the 
great  loss  Catullus  had  suffered  in  the  death  of  his  brother,  which  is  again 
alluded  to  in  the  epistle  to  Manlius,  and  the  lines  on  his  brother's  grave. 
This  profound  sorrow  seems  to  have  affected  the  poet  almost  as  much  as 
Lesbia's  desertion,  and  the  lines  which  treat  of  it  breathe  an  exquisite 
intensity  of  grief  hardly  equalled  in  literature.  Some  critics  have  found 
it  difficult  to  discern  the  connexion  between  the  opening  lines,  and  the 
passage  which  treats  of  the  embarrassment  of  a  maiden  at  the  fall  of  a 
lover's  gift  from  her  bosom,  but  the  meaning  seems  obviously  to  be  "I 
send  you  these  lines  lest  you  should  think  that  your  request  had  slipped 
from  my  mind,  as  easily  as  an  apple  falls  from  the  dress  of  a  maiden  when 
she  starts  up  thoughtlessly  to  meet  her  mother." 

Daulia  in  Thrace  was  the  scene  of  the  tragic  story  of  Itys. 
Tereus  ravished  Philomela  and  cut  her  tongue  out,  and  in  revenge  her 

K 


i6o 


Catullus, 


sister  Procne  Tereus'  wife  served  up  her  son  Itys  as  a  banquet  to  his 
father.  All  were  subsequently  transformed  into  birds,  and  Philomela 
became  a  nightingale,  and  so  is  here  termed  the  Daulian  bird. 


CARMEN   LXVI. 

A  translation  of  Callimachus'  Bepcvkiys  TX6*ca/ixo5.  The  original  has 
been  lost,  but  it  is  probable  that  the  translation  is  fairly  accurate.  This 
and  the  ode  of  Sappho's  Carmen  li.  are  the  only  translations  which  appear 
in  Catullus'  work  j,  ...ough,  possibly,  other  poems  may  have  been  more  or 
less  paraphrases  of  Alexandrian  and  earlier  Greek  writers.  The  story  of 
this  poem  is  briefly  as  follows  :  Berenice,  the  sister  and  wife  of  Ptolemy 
Euergetes,  vowed  a  lock  of  her  hair  to  the  gods  on  the  occasion  of  her 
husband  setting  forth  on  an  expedition  against  Assyria.  Ptolemy 
returned  victorious,  and  the  lock  was  suspended  in  the  temple,  but 
disappeared  the  same  night.  This  simple  piece  of  larceny  was  adroitly 
represented  by  Conon  to  have  been  committed  by  a  divinity  who  placed 
the  lock  as  a  constellation  among  the  heavenly  bodies.  The  likeness  of 
the  conceit  to  Pope's  famous  Raj^  of  the  Lock  is  obvious,  and  many 
passages  in  Pope  have  been  directly  borrowed  from  this  poem. 

(i.)  The  good  deed  here  alluded  to  was  the  slaughter  of  Demetrius  of 
Macedon  whom  Berenice's  mother  Apame  had  destined  to  be  her 
daughter's  husband.  He  became  instead  the  paramour  of  the  mother  and 
was  killed  in  her  arms  at  Berenice's  instigation.  Berenice  then  went  to 
Alexandria  where  she  became  the  wife  of  Ptolemy. 

(2.)  There  is  a  doubtful  reading  here,  *'  Thise  "  or  *'  Phthioe."  If  the 
former  version  be  adopted,  Thiae  clara  progenies  must  mean  the  Sun,  if 
the  latter  the  Macedonians,  who  as  Xerxes'  allies  cut  a  passage  through 
Mount  Athos. 

(3.)  The  Chalybes  were  a  people  of  Asia  Minor,  the  first  reputed 
workers  in  iron. 

(4.)  This  passage  is  very  corrupt,  and  the  interpretation  doubtful.  The 
reference  probably  is  to  Zephyrus  the  son  of  Aurora,  and  brother  to  Memnon. 

(5.)  Arsinoe  was  the  sister — wife  of  Ptolemy  Philadelphus,  deified  as 
Aphrodite,  and  worshipped  on  the  promontory  of  Zephyrium.  Doubtless  all 


Notes, 


161 


these  allusions  were  thoroughly  appreciated  in  the  courtly  Egyptian  circles 
where  the  poem  first  saw  the  light. 

(6.)  Ariadne's  hair  had  also  been  turned  into  a  constellation,  and  is 
naturally  mentioned  to  parallel  the  high  destiny  of  Berenice's  locks. 

(7.)  Homer  speaks  of  Bootes  as  i\t'c  SjJoi^a,  owing  to  the  fact  of  the 
constellation  being  in  a  perpendicular  position  as  he  sets. 

(8  )  Orion  and  Aquarius  are  mentioned  as  the  two  constellations  most 
distant  from  each  other.  The  meaning  is  that  the  stars  may  be  thrown 
into  confusion  for  all  I  care,  if  only  I  am  restored  to  my  mistress'  head. 

The  whole  poem  is  essentially  Alexandrian ;  the  fanciful  conceits,  and 
far  fetched  illustrations  render  it  as  a  work  of  art  a  performance 
hardly  attaining  mediocrity,  though  some  passages  are  genuinely 
poetical,  and  show  Callimachus,  or  his  translator  Catullus,  to  have  been 
keenly  alive  to  the  beauty  of  perfect  form.  At  the  same  time  it  is 
probable  that  the  translation,  though  fdrly  accurate,  hardly  conveys 
a  just  idea  of  Callimachus'  excellences  as  a  poet.  The  one  complete 
elegy  of  Callimachus  still  extant,  the  Aovrpd  IlaWctSoj,  is  a  singularly 
perfect  work  of  art,  both  in  delicacy  of  sentiment  and  finish  of  language. 
This  version  is  in  parts  rough,  and  the  lines  are  of  very  unequal  merit. 
It  may  possibly  have  been  an  early  attempt  to  render  into  Latin,  the  works 
of  a  poet  for  whom  Catullus,  in  common  with  his  school,  entertained  so 
genuine  an  admiration. 

CARMEN   LXVII. 

The  interest  of  this  poem  is  not  great,  and  the  subject  is  hardly  one  for 
poetical  treatment.  Nothing  is  known  of  the  personages  alluded  to,  and 
all  that  can  be  said  about  the  plot  is  to  be  gathered  from  the  text. 

CARMEN   LXVIII. 

This  long  poem  naturally  divides  itself  into  two  parts,  the  first,  lines 
1-40,  and  the  second  41-160,  and  these  two  parts  were  probably  written 
at  different  times.  Heyse  indeed  conceived  that  the  two  parts  were  totally 
distinct  poems  addressed  to  different  individuals,  Manlius,  and  Manius 
Acilius  Glabris,  but  there  seems  no  ground  for  this  conjecture.  In  the 
first  part,  Catullus  alleges  that  his  grief  for  his  brother's  death,  and  his 


■^^'1 


l62 


Catullus, 


J 


/' 


/ 


Notth 


\ 


163 


residence  at  Verona,  prevent  him  from  writing  anything  to  gratify  his 
friend's  desire,  and  the  language  of  these  lines  is  pathetic  and  natural.  In 
the  second  part  he  has  recovered  sufficiently  to  write  some  frigid  and 
elaborate  poetry  on  his  love  for  Lesbia,  comparing  it  with  that  of 
Protesilaus  and  Laodamia.  The  language  of  the  second  part  bears 
obvious  traces  of  Greek  influence,  and  is  not  distinguished  by  any  warmth 
of  passion,  or  natural  play  of  fancy.  The  lines  which  mention  his  sorrow 
at  his  brother's  death,  occur  with  trifling  differences  in  both  parts.  I  have 
put  the  two  parts  into  one  poem  in  the  translation,  as  they  are  obviously 
addressed  to  the  same  individual,  and  appear  as  a  whole  in  most  editions 
of  Catullus'  works.  It  may  be  observed  that  in  the  first  part  Manlius  is 
spoken  of  as  resting  on  a  widowed  couch,  while  in  the  second  part  he 
appears  to  have  a  wife  or  a  mistress. 

(i.)  The  epithet  ** duplex  "  here,  either  means  "false"  or  "wily,"  or 
is  perhaps  an  allusion  to  the  hermaphrodite  statue  of  Venus  at  Amathus. 

(2.)  Laodamia,  who  in  her  impatience  for  the  consummation  of  her 
marriage  with  Protesilaus,  neglected  the  offerings  of  the  gods,  was 
punished  by  the  untimely  death  of  her  husband  before  Troy.  She  herself 
subsequently  died  in  the  embrace  of  his  shade. 

(3.)  Hercules,  the  son  of  Amphitryon's  wife  by  Zeus,  was  subjected  to 
the  authority  of  his  half-brother  Eurystheus,  by  a  device  of  Hera's,  and 
two  of  his  twelve  labours  were  the  draining  of  the  marsh  at  Pheneus  in 
Arcadia,  and  the  killing  of  the  Stymphalian  birds.  The  artificial  and 
tasteless  comparison  of  the  depth  of  a  love,  with  the  depth  of  a  marsh, 
is  a  learned  conceit  worthy  of  the  worst  days  of  English  Euphuism. 

The  concluding  lines  show  that  Manlius  had  consoled  himself  for  the 
death  of  Julia  without  much  difficulty,  and  possibly  the  story  of  Laodamia 
is  introduced,  not  only  as  an  illustration  of  the  poet's  own  love,  but  as 
recalling  the  unhappy  fate  of  Julia,  like  her  snatched  away  after  but  a  brief 
period  of  married  happiness. 

CARMEN   LXX. 

A  short  epigram  on  Lesbia,  probably  imitated  from  Callimachus,  but 
the  sentiment  is  one  which  has  found  frequent  expression.    The  protestation 


\   7 


I 


that  the  lover  of  the  period  would  be  preferred  to  Jupiter,  seems  to  have 
been  a  common  one,  and  is  put  by  Ovid  into  the  mouth  of  Phaedra.  Pos- 
sibly because,  as  Dr  Davies  observes  in  his  volume  on  Catullus,  the  fair 
one's  constancy  was  not  likely  to  be  put  to  the  test  under  these 
circumstances. 

Sir  Philip  Sidney  thus  translates  the  epigram  in  the  metre  of  the 
original. 

*'  Unto  no  body  my  woman  saith  shee  had  rather  a  wife  be 
Than  to  myself,  not  though  Jove  grew  a  suter  of  hers. 
These  be  her  words,  but  a  woman's  words  to  a  love  that  is  eager. 
On  vdndes  or  waters  stream  do  require  to  be  writ." 

CARMEN   LXXII. 

Written  obviously  at  a  late  stage  of  his  passion  for  Lesbia.  The  love 
by  this  time  has  degenerated  into  an  animal  passion,  which  the  sense  of 
Lesbia's  unworthiness  only  makes  more  absorbing. 

CARMEN  LXXIV. 

The  first  of  the  poems  in  which  Gellius  is  attacked.  The  rancour 
displayed  by  Catullus  against  this  unfortunate  man  who  is  charged  with 
every  conceivable  enormity  makes  one  suspect  that  he  must  have  been  one 
of  the  numerous  successful  rivals  of  the  poet  in  Lesbia's  affections.  Gellius 
is  perhaps  to  be  identified  with  Gellius  Publicola  attacked  by  Cicero  in 
his  oration  Pro  Sestio  or  possibly  a  younger  Gellius,  the  son  of  Q.  Gellius 
Publicola.     Harpocrates  was  the  god  of  silence. 

CARMEN  LXXV. 

A  deeply  pathetic  poem  written  during  the  later  struggles  of  his  hope- 
less love  for  Lesbia.     It  has  been  admirably  translated  by  W.  S.  Landor. 

None  could  ever  say  that  she, 
Lesbia  !  was  so  loved  by  me, 
Never  all  the  world  around. 
Faith  so  true  as  mine  was  found. 


164 


^atulhis. 


Notes. 


165 


If  no  longer  it  endures. 

— Would  it  did  ! — the  fault  is  yours 

I  can  never  think  again 

"Well  of  you  ;  I  try  in  vain, 

But — be  false — do  what  you  will — 

Lesbia  !  I  must  love  you  still. 

CARMEN  LXXVI. 

This  profoundly  pathetic  poem  is  perhaps  the  last  which  he  penned  on 
the  subject  of  his  miserable  love  for  Lesbia.  In  this  he  appears  as  having 
abandoned  all  hope  that  she  could  ever  change,  and  he  prays  only  to  be 
delivered  from  the  memory  of  his  passion.  It  is  a  deeply  touching 
expression  of  the  resignation  of  despair. 

CARMEN  LXXVI  I. 

Probably  addressed  to  M.  Caelius  Rufus,  Catullus'  rival  in  love. 

CARMEN  LXXIX. 

If,  as  seems  nearly  certain,  Lesbia's  real  name  was  Clodia,  {vid.  Intro- 
duction), the  Lesbius  here  attacked  would  be  her  brother  Clodius,  with 
whom  Lesbia  lay  under  the  suspicion  of  having  formed  an  incestuous 
connexion. 

CARMEN  LXXXIV. 

A  personal  skit  directed  against  the  weakness  not  yet  eradicated  from 
the  world's  speech  of  overt  redundancy  of  **^  s."  Arrius,  possibly  the  Q. 
Arrius  mentioned  by  Cicero  in  the  Brutus,  seems  however  not  to  have 
dropped  the  aspirate,  like  the  snob  of  the  modern  day, — the  'Arry  of  Mr 
Calverley's  amusing  parody  of  this  poem, — but  only  to  have  added  them 
on  both  to  consonants  and  vowels.  It  may  be  doubted  whether  this  was 
a  simple  piece  of  vulgarity,  as  the  poet  seems  to  insinuate,  which  Arrius 
had  inherited  from  his  ancestors.  Cicero  states  that  in  his  lifetime  the 
practice  of  aspirating  vowels  only  was  beginning  to  be  superseded  by  the 
new  fashion  of  aspirating  consonants  and  vowels  as  well  in  writing  as  in 


\ 


speech,  and  Arrius  may  perhaps  have  been  only  slightly  in  advance  of  the 
tendency  of  the  age.  As  he  appears  to  have  prided  himself  on  his  pro- 
nunciation, we  may  presume  that  it  was  not  a  mere  vulgar  trick,  but  the 
poem  as  it  stands  is  none  the  less  amusing  for  being  a  slight  mis-repre- 
sentation. 

CARMEN  LXXXV. 

The  perfectly  simple  pathos  of  these  two  lines  has  been  justly  appreci- 
ated in  a  passage  of  Fenelon's  works.^  It  is  difficult  to  render  emotion  so 
tersely  expressed  in  fitting  English.  W.  S.  Landor's  translation  is  perhaps 
the  best. 

I  love  and  hate,  ah  !  never  ask  why  so 
I  hate  and  love — and  that  is  all  I  know, 
I  see  'tis  folly,  but  I  feel  'tis  woe. 

CARMEN  LXXXVI. 

A  comparison  of  a  certain  Quintia  with  Lesbia.  The  charm  of  Catullus' 
enchantress  consists  apparently  in  that  spiritual  fascination,  which  is 
indescribable  in  words,  and  which  is  quite  apart  from  mere  regularity  of 
feature.  The  French  "esprit"  though  connoting  a  different  kind  of 
fascinating  qualities  at  the,  same  time,  is  perhaps  the  best  equivalent  for 
**mica  salis." 

CARMEN  XCII. 

This  epigram  treats  of  the  same  phenomenon  in  love  as  Carmen  Ixxxiii., 
but  is  probably  of  later  date,  as  there  is  no  mention  of  the  husband.  Swift's 
version  of  it  is  vigorous. 

**  Lesbia  for  ever  on  me  rails, 

To  talk  of  me  she  never  fails, 

Now,  hang  me,  but  for  all  her  art 

I  find  that  I  have  gained  her  heart ; 

My  proof  is  this  ;  I  plainly  see 

The  case  is  just  the  same  with  me, 

I  curse  her  every  hour  sincerely, 

Yet,  hang  me,  but  I  love  her  dearly. 


1 66 


Catullus, 


Notes, 


167 


CARMEN  XCV. 

A  warm^  tribute  to  the  merits  of  a  work  written  by  his  friend  Cinna. 
Only  a  few  fragments  survive  of  his  poem,  Smyrna,  so  we  are  unable  to 
judge  how  far  Catullus'  praise  is  deserved,  but  it  is  probable  that  he  did 
not  place  too  high  an  estimate  on  his  friend's  literary  abilities,  as  Cinna  is 
placed  by  Virgil  in  the  Eclogues  in  the  same  rank  as  Varius.  There 
seems,  therefore,  no  reason  why  the  unfortunate  bard  should  have  been 
"torn  for  his  bad  verses"  at  Caesar's  funeral  if  we  assume  that  the  author 
of  Smyrna  be  the  man  mentioned  by  Plutarch  Suetonius  and  Appian,  for 
Catullus  was  not  usually  forbearing  in  his  criticisms  on  the  poetasters  of 
the  day.  But  it  appears  now  tolerably  certain  that  the  poet  here  held  up  to 
our  admiration  survived  the  catastrophe  of  Caesar's  death  some  years,  so 
that  the  C.  Helvius  Cinna  the  tribune  who  was  murdered  by  the  mob 
through  mistake  on  that  occasion,  must  have  been  another  of  the  same 
name.  The  Hortensius  mentioned  is  perhaps  identical  with  the  Hortalus 
to  whom  the  Coma  Berenices  was  sent.  Atrax  is  a  town  and  river  of 
Thessaly,  here  brought  in  as  a  kind  of  Ultima  Thule.  Volusius'  annals 
have  been  held  up  to  execration  before  in  Carmen  xxxvi. 

Antimachus  was  a  Greek  poet,  here  put  as  the  type  of  prolixity  and  long- 
windedness.  He  is  said  to  have  written  an  Epic  poem  on  the  Theban 
war,  and  composed  twenty-four  books,  but  began  to  trace  its  history  from 
so  remote  a  date  that  he  never  got  to  Thebes  at  all.  In  his  poem  on 
Diomedes'  return  he  began,  says  the  Scholiast,  "ab  exordio  primae 
originis  "  from  the  death  of  Meleager.  Under  these  circumstances  one  is 
surprised  to  learn  that  he  ever  got  to  Diomedes  at  all.  At  the  same  time 
he  ranked  according  to  Quintilian  second  among  epic  poets,  and  the  way 
in  which  he  is  here  mentioned  by  Catullus  proves  him  to  have  been  popu- 
lar, a  fact  which  may  have  excited  the  poet's  jealousy. 

CARMEN  XCVI. 

A  touching  elegy  on  the  death  of  Quinctilia  Calvus*  wife  or  mistress. 
Calvus  himself  wrote  elegies  on  the  same  subject,  as  appears  from  a 
passage  in  Propertius.  The  general  tone  of  this  exquisite  poem  recalls 
the  Shakspearian  sonnet, 


( 


Then  can  I  drown  an  eye,  unused  to  flow, 
For  precious  friends  hid  in  death's  dateless  night. 
And  weep  afresh  love's  long  since  cancell'd  woe, 
And  moan  the  expense  of  many  a  vanished  sight. 

CARMEN   XCVIII. 
The  Vettius  against  whom  this  epigram  is  aimed  cannot  be  identified 
with  certainty.     The  only  well  known  man  of  that  name  at  the  time  was 
G.  Vettius  the  informer,  a  kind  of  Titus  Gates  of  the  period,  and  it  is 
possible  that  this  poem  was  directed  against  him. 

CARMEN   CI. 

Written  on  the  occasion  of  his  second  visit  to  Asia,  when  he  went  to 
the  Troad  to  pay  the  last  rites  on  his  brother's  grave.  These  harmonious 
lines  are  a  perfect  poetical  expression  of  most  profound  grief. 

CARMEN    CVIII. 

The  Cominius  held  up  to  execration  in  this  poem  is  probably  P. 
Cominius  an  orator  of  the  day,  mentioned  by  Cicero,  who  was  prosecuted 
by  Cornelius,  on  behalf  of  whom  Cicero  made  one  of  his  most  brilliant 
speeches.  The  unpopularity  incurred  by  Cominius  in  consequence  is 
described  by  Ascanius. 

CARMEN  CXVI. 

A  short  poem  addressed  to  Gellius,  probably  the  same  man  attacked  in 
other  poems:  which  poem  Catullus  had  intended  to  send  him  is  doubtful, 
probably  some  translation  from  Callimachus  which  has  been  lost. 
Callimachus  was  a  native  of  Cyrene,  the  city  founded  by  Battus,  hence 
the  epithet  Battiades.  The  same  word  is  used  in  the  dedication  to 
Hortalus  of  the  Coma  Berenict^.«    •••    !       ! 


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TRANSLATIONS  FROM 

GREEK  AND  LATIN  CLASSICS. 


-♦♦- 


/ 


THE     AGAMEMNON     OF     ^SCHYLUS, 

Translated  into  English  verse.    With  an  Introductory  Essay. 

By  E.  D.  A.  MoRSHEAD. 

Crffwn  %vo.     Cloth,  price  $s. 

••  By  means  of  scholarship,  poetical  taste,   and  careful  study  of  the  best  EngUsh 
models,  Mr  Morshead  has  produced  a  version  fitted  to  give  pleasure  and  instruction  to 
many  English  readers,  and  worthy  to  take  a  high  rank  among  our  classical  translations. 
— Saturday  Review. 


\ 


PINDAR    IN    ENGLISH    RHYME. 

Being  an  attempt  to  render  the  Epinikian  Odes,  with  the  principal  remain- 
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Thomas. 

Robin  Gray.     By  Charles  Gibbon. 

One    of     Two  ;      or,     A    Left- 

Handed  Bride.     By  J.  Hain  Fris- 

welL 


1^ 


8 


A  List  of 


Comhill  Library  of  Fiction— 
(onHnutd. 

Ood'a    Providence    House.     By 

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Gibbon. 

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Saunders. 

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Christ  the  Saviour  of  all  Men?  Fifth 
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CRAUFURD(A.  H.). 
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CRESSWELL  (Mrs.  G.). 

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CROMPTON  (Henry). 

Industrial        Conciliation. 

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of  Literary  Struggle.  Henry  Murger 
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DAVIDSON  (Rev.  Samuel),  D.D., 
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DE       REDCLIFFE      (Viscount 
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lO 


A  List  of 


C  Kegan  Paul  &*  CoJs  Publications, 


If 


DREW  (Rev.  Q.  S.),  M.A. 
Scripture    Lands  in   con- 
nection   with    their    History. 
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xos.  td. 

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price  7*.  td. 

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DREWRY  (Q.  O),  M.D.,  and 
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DU RAND  (Lady). 
Imitations  from  the  Ger- 
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IL     Demy  Svo.     Cloth,  price  7*. 

EDEN  (Frederick). 
The     Nile     without    a 

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EDMONDS  (Herbert). 
Well  Spent  Lives  :  a  Series 
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Minor   Chords;  or,  Songs 
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Medusa  and  other  Poems. 

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ELLIOTT  (Ebenexer),  The  Corn 
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the  Rev.  Edwin  Elliott,  of  St.  John's, 
Antigua,  a  vols.  Crown  Svo.  Cloth, 
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ELSDALE  (Henry). 
Studies      in      Tennyson's 
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Epic  of  Hades  (The). 

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Eros  Agonistes. 
Poems.     By  E.  B.  D.     Fcap.  Svo. 
Cloth,  price  3J.  6d. 

Essays  on  the  Endowment 
of  Research. 
By  Various  Writers. 

Square  crown  Svo.     Cloth,  price 
lor.  6d. 

EVANS  (Mark). 
The  Gospel  of  Home  Life. 

Crown  Svo.    Cloth,  price  4J.  6d. 

The  Story  of  our  Father's 
Love,  told  to  Children.  Fourth 
and  Cheaper  Edition.  With  Four 
Illustrations.  Fcap.  Svo.  Cloth, 
price  IX.  6d. 

A  Book  of  Common  Prayer 
and  Worship  for  Household 
Use,  compiled  exclusively  from  the 
Holy  Scriptures.  Fcap.  Svo.  Cloth, 
price  ax.  6d, 

EX-CIVILIAN. 
Life  in  the   Mofussil;    or, 

Civilian  Life  in  Lower  Bengal,  a 
vols.     Large  post  Svo.     Price  14X. 

EYRE  (Maj.-Gen.  Sir  V.),  C.B., 
K.C.S.L.ic. 

Lays  of  a  Knight-Errant 
in  many  Lands.  Square  crown 
Svo.  With  Six  Illustrations.  Cloth, 
price  7X.  6tL 


<i 


FARQUHARSON  (M.). 

L  Elsie  Dinsmore.  Crown 
8vo.    Cloth,  price  3X.  6d. 

IL  Elsie's  Girlhood.  Crown 

Svo.     Cloth,  price  -^x.  6</. 

in.  Elsie's  Holidays  at 
Roselands.        Crown     Svo. 

Cloth,  price  3X.  6d. 

FERRIS  (Henry  Weybridge). 

Poems.  Fcap.  Svo.  Cloth, 
price  5X. 

FINN  (the  late  James),  M.R.A.S. 
Stirring  Times  ;  or,  Records 

from  Jerusalem  Consular  Chronicles 
of  1853  to  1856.     Edited  and  Com- 

Eiled  by  his  Widow.  With  a  Preface 
y    the    Viscountess   Strangfokd. 
a  vols.     Demy  Svo.     Price  30X. 

FLEMING  (James),  D.D. 
Early  Christian  Witnesses ; 
or,   Testimonies  of  the    First  Cen- 
turies to  the  Truth  of  Christianity. 
Small  crown  Svo.    Cloth,  price  3X.  6d. 

Folkestone      Ritual      Case 

(The).  The  Argument,  Proceedings, 
Judgment,  and  Report,  revised  by 
the  several  Counsel  engaged.  Demy 
Svo.     Cloth,  price  25X. 

FOOTMAN  (Rev.  H),  M.A. 
From  Home  and  Back;  or, 

Some  Aspects  of  Sin  as  seen  in  the 
Light  of  the  Parable  of  the  Prodigal. 
Crown  Svo.     Cloth,  price  5X. 

FOWLE  (Rev.  Edmund). 
Latin  Primer  Rules  made 

Easy.    Crown  Svo.   Cloth,  price  3X. 

FOWLE  (Rev.  T.  W.),  M.A. 
The  Reconciliation  of  Re- 
ligion and  Science.  Being  Essays 
on  Immortality,  Inspiration,  Mira- 
cles, and  the  Being  of  Christ.  Demy 
Svo.     Cloth,  price  lox.  6d. 

The    Divine    Legation    of 

Christ.    Crown  Svo.     Cloth,  price 

FOX-BOURNE  (H.  R). 
The   Life  of  John  Locke, 

163a — ^1704.  2  vols.  Demy  Svo. 
Cloth,  price  aSx. 


ERASER  (Donald). 
Exchange  Tables  of  Ster- 
ling and  Indian  Rupee  Curren- 
cy, upon  a  new  and  extended  system, 
embracing  Values  from  One  Far- 
thing to  One  Hundred  Thousand 
Pounds,  and  at  Rates  progressing,  in 
Sixteenths  of  a  Penny,  from  ix.  90.  to 
2x.  3d.  per  Rupee.  Royal  Svo. 
Cloth,  pnce  lox.  6d. 

FRISWELL  (J.  Hain). 
The  Better  Self.    Essays  for 
Home  Life.      Crown  Svo.      Cloth, 
price  6x. 

One  of  Two;   or,  A  Left- 

Handed  Bride.  With  a  Frontis- 
piece. Crown  Svo.  Cloth,  price  3X.  6d. 
FYTCHE  (Lieut.-Gen.  Albert), 
C.S.I.,  late  Chief  Commissioner  of 
British  Burma. 

Burma  Past  and  Present, 

with  Personal  Reminiscences  of  the 
Country.  With  Steel  Portraits,  Chro- 
molithog^phs,  Engravings  on  Wood, 
and  Map.  2  vols.  Demy  Svo.  Cloth, 
price  30X. 

GAMBIER(Capt.  J.  W.),  R.N. 
Servia.     Crown  Svo.     Cloth, 

price  5X. 
GARDNER  (H.). 

Sunflowers.      A    Book    of 
Verses.     Fcap.  Svo.   Cloth,  price  5X. 
GARDNER  (J.),  M.D. 

Longevity :  The  Means  of 
Prolonging  Life  after  Middle 
Age.  Fourth  Edition,  Revised  and 
Enlarged.  Small  crown  Svo.  Cloth, 
price  4X. 
GARRETT  (E.). 

By  Still  Waters.     A  Story 

for  Quiet  Hours.  With  Seven  Illus- 
trations. Crown  Svo.  Cloth,  price  6x. 

GEBLER  (Karl  Von). 
Galileo  Galilei  and  the 
Roman  Curia,  from  Authentic 
Sources.  Translated  with  the  sanc- 
tion of  the  Author,  by  Mrs.  George 
Sturgk.     Demy  Svo.     Cloth. 

G.  H.  T. 
Verses,    mostly    written    in 

India.     Crown  Svo.    Cloth,  price  6x. 
GILBERT  (Mrs). 
Autobiography   and   other 

Memorials.  Edited  by  Josiah 
Gilbert.  Third  Edition.  With  Por- 
trait and  several  Wood  Engravings. 
Crown  Svo.     Cloth,  price  js.  bd. 


13 


A  List  of 


C,  Kegan  Paul  6-  Cc's  Publications. 


13 


GILL  (Rev.  W.  W),  B.A. 

Myths  and  Songs  from  the 
South  Pacific.  With  a  Preface  by 
F.  Max  Muller,  M.A.,  Professor  of 
Comparative  Philology  at  Oxford. 
Post  8va    Cloth,  price  ^r. 

OODKIN  (James). 
The   Religious  History  of 

Ireland :  Primitive,  Papal,  and 
Protestant.  Including  the  Evange- 
lical Missions,  Catholic  Agitations, 
and  Church  Progress  of  the  last  half 
Century.    8va     Cloth,  price  lis. 

GODWIN  (William). 

William  Godwin:  His 
Friends  and  Contemporaries. 
With  Portraits  and  Facsimiles  of  the 
handwriting  of  Godwin  and  his  Wife. 
By  C.  Kegan  Paul,  a  vols.  Demy 
8va     Cloth,  price  -zZs. 

The  Genius  of  Christianity 
Unveiled.       Being    Essays    never 

before  published.  Edited,  with  a 
Preface,  by  C.  Kegan  Paul.  Crown 
Sva    Clotn,  price  ^s.  6d. 

GOETZE  (Capt.   A.   von). 

Operations  of  the  German 
Engineers  during  the  War  of 
1870- 1871.  Published  by  Authority, 
and  in  accordance  with  Official  Docu- 
ments. Translated  from  the  German 
by  Colonel  G.  Graham,  V.C,  C.B., 
R.E.  With  6  large  Maps.  Demy 
8va    Cloth,  price  21s. 

GOLDIE  (Lieut.  M.  H.  G.) 

Hebe  :  a  Tale.  Fcap.  8vo. 
CHoth,  price  $s. 

GOODENOUGH  fCommodoreJ. 
Q.),   R.N.,C.B.,C.M.G. 

Memoir  of,  with  Extracts  from 
his  Letters  and  Journals.  Edited  by 
his  Widow.  With  Steel  Engraved 
Portrait.     Square  8vo.     Cloth,  5*. 

*,*  Also  a  Library  Edition  with 
Maps,  Woodcuts,  and  Steel  En- 
graved Portrait.  Square  post  8vo. 
Cloth,  price  14J. 

GOODMAN  (W). 

Cuba,  the  Pearl  of  the 
Antilles.  Crown  8va  Cloth,  price 
•js.  6d. 


GOULD  (Rev.  S.  Baring),  M.A. 
The  Vicar  of  Morwenstow: 

a  Memoir  of  the  Rev.  R.  S.  Hawker. 
>yith  Portrait.  Third  Edition,  re- 
vised. Square  post  8 vo.  Cloth,  lof.  6<iL 

GRANVILLE  (A.  B ),  M.D., 
F.R.S.,&c. 

Autobiography  of  A.  B. 
Granville,  F.  R.  S.,&c.  Edited, 
with  a  brief  Account  of  the  concluding 
Years  of  his  Life,  by  his  youngest 
Daughter,  Paulina  B.  Granville,  a 
vols.  With  a  Portrait.  Second  Edi- 
tion.    Demy  8vo.     Cloth,  price  32*. 

GREY  (John),  of  Dilston. 
John     Grey    (of    Dilston): 

Memoirs.  By  Josephine  E.  Butler. 
New  and  Revised  Edition.  Crown 
8vo.     Cloth,  price  3J.  M. 

GRIFFITH  (Rev.   T),  A.M. 

Studies  of  the  Divine  Mas- 
ter.   Demy  8va    Cloth,  price  12s. 

GRIFFITHS  (Capt.   Arthur). 

Memorials  of  Millbank.and 
Chapters  in  Prison  History. 
With  Illustrations  by  R.  Goff  and 
the  Author,  a  vols.  Post8va  Cloth, 
price  2 IS. 

GRIMLEY  (Rev.   H.   N),  M.A. 

Tremadoc  Sermons,  chiefly 
on  the  Spiritual  Body,  the  Unssen 
World,  and  the  Divink  Humanity. 
Second  Edition.  Crown  8va  Cloth, 
price  6s. 

GRUNER(M.  L). 

Studies  of  Blast  Furnace 
Phenomena.  Translated  by  L.  D. 
B.  Gordon.  F.R.S.E.,  F.G.S.  Demy 
8vo.    Cloth,  price  js.  6d. 

GURNEY(Rev.  Archer). 
Words  of  Faith  and  Cheer. 

A  Mission  of  Instruction  and  Sugges- 
tion.    Crown  8vo.     Cloth,  price  6s. 

Gwen:  A  Drama  In  Mono- 
logue, r.y  the  Author  of  the  "  Epic 
of  Hades."  Fcap.  8vo.  Cloth,  pnce 
5*.  4r 


HAECKEL  (Prof.  Ernst). 
The  History  of  Creation. 

Translation  revised  by  Professor  E. 
Ray  Lankester,  M.A.,  F.R.S.  With 
Coloured  Plates  and  Genealogical 
Trees  of  the  various  groups  of  both 
plants  and  animals.  2  vols.  Second 
Edition.    Post  8vo.   Cloth,  price  32s. 

The  History  of  the  Evolu- 
tion of  Man.  With  numerous  Il- 
lustrations. 2  vols.  Large  post  8vo. 
Cloth,  price  32f . 

HAKE  (A.  Egmont). 

Paris  Originals,  with  twenty 
etchings,  by  L^on  Richeton.  Large 
post  8vo.     Cloth,  price  14X. 

Halleck's    International 

Law;  or.  Rules  Regulating  the 
Intercourse  of  States  in  Peace  and 
War.  A  New  Edition,  revised,  with 
Notes  and  Cases.  By  Sir  Sherston 
Baker,  Bart.  2  vols.  Demy  8vo. 
Cloth,  price  38J. 

HARCOURT  (Capt.   A.   F.   P.). 
The   Shakespeare  Argosy. 

Containing  much  of  the  wealth  of 
Shakespeare's  Wbdom  and  Wit, 
alphabetically  arranged  and  classi- 
fied.    Crown  8vo.     Cloth,  price  6*. 

HARDY  (Thomas). 

A  Pair  of  Blue  Eyes.    New 

Edition.  Crown  Svo.  Cloth,  price  dr. 

HARRISON  (Lieut.-Col.  R.). 

The  Officer's  Memoran- 
dum Book  for  Peace  and  War. 

Second  Edition.  Oblong  32mo. 
roan,  elastic  band  and  pencil,  price 
3J.  6ci. ;  russia,  ss. 

HAWEIS  (Rev.  H.  R.),  M.A. 
Arrows  in  the  Air.     Crown 

8vo.  Second  Edition.  Cloth,  price  6s. 

Current  Coin.  Materialism — 

The  Devil — Crime — Drunkenness — 
Pauperism — Emotion — Recreation — 
The  Sabbath.  Third  Edition.  Crown 
Svo.     Cloth,  price  6*. 

Speech  in  Season.     Fourth 

Edition.  Crown  8vo.  Cloth,  price 
9S. 

Thoughts   for  the  Times. 

Eleventh  Edition.  Crown  Svo.  Cloth, 
price  7*.  6d. 


HAWEIS  (Rev.  H.  R.}-coniinu^d, 
Unsectarian        Family 

Prayers,  for  Morning  and  Evening 
for  a  Week,  with  short  selected 
passages  from  the  Bible.  Second 
Edition.  Square  crown  Svo.  Cloth, 
price  3i.  6(/. 
HAWKER  (Robert  Stephen). 
The    Poetical    Works    of. 

Now  first  collected  and  arranged, 
with  a  prefatory  notice  by  J.  G. 
Godwin.  With  Portrait.  Crown  Svo. 
Cloth,  price  12s. 

HAYMAN  (H.),  D.D., late  Head 
Master  of  Rugby  School. 
Rugby  School  Sermons. 
With  an  Introductory  Essay  on  the 
Indwelling  of  the  Holy  Spirit. 
Crown  Svo.     Cloth,  price  7s.  6a. 

HELLWALD  (Baron  F.  von). 
The  Russians  in  Central 
Asia.  A  Critical  Examination, 
down  to  the  present  time,  of  the 
Geography  and  History  of  Central 
Asia.  Translated  by  Lieut.-Col. 
Theodore  Wirgman,  LL.B.  Large 
post  Svo.  With  Map.  Cloth, 
price  I2S. 

HELVIG  Major  H.). 
The  Operations  of  the  Ba- 
varian Army  Corps.  Translated 
by  Captain  G.  S.  Schwabe.  With 
Five  large  Maps.  In  2  vols.  Demy 
Svo.  Cloth,  price  24*. 
Tactical  Examples  :  Vol.  I. 

The  Battalion,  price  15X.  Vol.11.  The 
Regiment  and  Brigade,  price  los.  6d. 
Translated  from  the  German  by  Col. 
Sir  Lumley  Graham.  With  numerous 
Diagrams.     Demy  Svo.     Cloth. 

HERFORD  (Brooke). 
The  Story  of  Religion  in 
England.  A  Book  for  Young  Folk. 
Crown  Svo.     Cloth,  price  «. 

HEWLETT  (Henry  G.). 

A  Sheaf  of  Verse.  Fcap. 
Svo.  Cloth,  price  3J.  6d. 
HINTON  (James). 
Life  and  Letters  of.  Edited 
by  Ellice  Hopkins,  with  an  Introduc- 
tion by  Sir  W.  W.  Gull,  Bart.,  and 
Portrait  engraved  on  Steel  by  C.  H. 
Jeens.  Second  Edition.  Crown  Svo. 
Cloth,  Sj.  6d. 

Chapters  on  the  Art  of 
Thinking,  and  other  Essays. 
With  an  Introduction  by  Shad  worth 
Hodgson.  Edited  by  C.  H.  Hinton. 
Crown  Svo.    Cloth,  price  Sj.  6d. 


14 


A  List  of 


HINTON  Q2imc%)-continued. 

The  Place  of  the  Physician. 

To  which  is  added  Essays  on  the 
Law  of  Human  Lifb,  and  on  the 
Rki-ation  between  Organic  and 
Inorganic  Worlds.  Second  Edi- 
tion. Crown  8vo.    Cloth,  price  3*.  6d. 

Physiology  for  Practical 
Use.  By  various  Writers.  With  50 
Illustrations.  2  vols.  Second  Edition. 
Crown  8vo.     Cloth,  price  us.  td. 

An  Atlas  of  Diseases  of  the 
Membrana  Tympani.  With  De- 
scriptive Text.  Post  8vo.  Price  £6  ts. 

The    Questions    of   Aural 

Surgery.  With  Illustrations,  t  vols. 
Post  8vo.    Cloth,  price  laj.  td. 

The     Mystery     of    Pain. 

Fcap.  8vo.     Cloth  limp,  i*. 
H.  J.    C. 
The     Art    of    Furnishing. 

A  Popular  Treatise  on  the  Principles 
of  Furnishing,  based  on  the  Laws  of 
Common  Sense,  Requirement,  and 
Picturesque  Effect.  Small  crown 
&VO.  Cloth,  price  3J.  6d. 
HOCKLEY  (W.  B.). 
Tales   of  the  Zenana;  or, 

A  Nuwab's  Leisure  Hours.  By  the 
Author  of  "  Pandurang  Hari."  With 
a  Preface  by  Lord  Stanley  of  Alder- 
ley,  a  vols.  Crown  8vo.  Cloth, 
price  a  I*. 

Pandurang  Hari;  or,  Me- 
moirs of  a  Hindoo.  A  Tale  of 
Mahratta  Life  sixty  years  ago.  With 
a  Preface  by  Sir  H.  Hartle  E. 
Frere,  G.  C.  S.  L,  &c.  New  and 
Cheaper  Edition.  Crown  8vo.  Cloth, 
price  6x. 

HOFFBAUER  (Capt). 
The  German  Artillery  in 
the  Battles  near  Metx.  Based 
on  the  official  rejwrts  of  the  German 
Artillery.  Translated  by  Capt.  E. 
O.  Hollist.  With  Map  and  Plans. 
Demy  8vo.     Cloth,  price  aix. 

HOLMES  (E.   Q.    A.). 
Poems.      First    and   Second 

Series.     Fcap.  8vo.     Cloth,  price  5*. 
each. 

HOLROYD  (Major  W.  R.  M.). 
Tas-hil     ul     Kalam  ;     or, 

Hindustani  made  Easy.    Crown  8vo. 
Cloth,  price  5*. 


HOOPER  (Mary. 

Little  Dinners :  How  to 
Serve  them  with  Elegance  and 
Economy.  Thirteenth  Edition. 
Crown  8vo.     Cloth,  price  5 J. 

Cookery  for  Invalids,  Per- 
sons of  Delicate  Digestion,  and 
Children.  Crown  8vo.  Cloth,  price 
3X.  6d. 

Every -Day  Meals.     Being 

Economical  and  Wholesome  Recipes 
for  Breakfast,  Luncheon,  and  Sup- 
per. Second  Edition.  Crown  8vo. 
Cloth,  price  5f. 

HOOPER  (Mrs.  G.). 
The  House  of  Raby.    With 

a  Frontispiece.  Crown  8vo.  Qoth, 
price  3J.  6d. 

HOPKINS  (Ellice). 

Life  and  Letters  of  James 

Hinton,  with  an  Introduction  by  Sir 
W.  W.  Gull,  Bart.,  and  Portrait  en- 
graved on  Steel  by  C.  H.  Jeens. 
Second  Edition.  Crown  8vo.  Cloth, 
price  8j.  6d. 
HOPKINS  (M.). 
The    Port   of  Refuge;    or. 

Counsel  and  Aid  to  Shipmasters  in 
Difficulty,  Doubt,  or  Distress.  Crown 
8vo.  Second  and  Revised  Edition. 
Cloth,  price  df. 

HORNE  CWilliam),  M.A. 
Reason    and    Revelation  : 

an  Examination  into  the  Nature  and 
Contents  of  Scripture  Revelation,  as 
compared  with  other  Forms  of  Truth. 
Demy  8vo.     Cloth,  price  izr. 
HORNER  (The  Misses). 
Walks  in  Florence.   A  New 

and  thoroughly  Revised  Edition,  a 
vols.  Crown  8vo.  Cloth  limp.  With 
Illustrations. 

Vol.    I.— Churches,    Streets,    and 
Palaces,     los.  6d.     Vol.  II.— Public 
Galleries  and  Museums.     5X. 
HOWARD  (Mary  M.). 

Beatrice  Aylmer,  and  other 

Tales.    Crown  8vo.    Cloth,  price  6x. 

HOWARD  (Rev.  Q.  B.). 
An     Old     Legend     of    St. 
Paul's.     Fcap.  8vo.     Cloth,  price 
4S.  6d. 

HOWELL  (James). 
A   Tale   of  the   Sea,  Son- 
nets, and  other  Poems.     Fcap. 
8vo.     Cloth,  price  5*. 


C  Kegan  Paul  &*  Co.*s  Publications. 


IS 


HUGHES  (Allison). 
Penelope  and  other  Poems. 

Fcap.  8vo.     Cloth,  price  4J.  f>d. 

HULL  (Edmund  C.  P.). 
The  European  in  India. 
With  a  Mbdical  Guide  for  Anglo- 
Indians.  By  R.  R.  S.  Mair.  M.D., 
F.  R.  C.  S.  E.  Third  Edition,  Revised 
and  Corrected.  Post  8vo.  Cloth, 
price  dr. 

HUTCHISON  (Lieut.  Col.  F. JO. 
and  Capt.Q.  H.  MACGREGOR. 

Military  Sketching  and  Re- 
connaissance. With  Fifteen  Plates. 
Small  Svo.  Cloth,  prioe  6#.  Being 
the  fir«t  Volume  of  Military  Hand- 
books for  Regimental  Officers.  Edited 
by  Lieut.-Col.C.  B.  Bkackenuuky, 
R.  A.,A.A.G. 
IGNOTUS. 
Culmshire  Folk.     A  Novel. 

New  and  Cheaper  Edition.     Crown 
8vo.     Cloth,  price  6*. 
INCHBOLDQ.  W.). 
Annus    Amoris.       Sonnets. 

Fcap.  8vo.     Cloth,  price  4*.  (>d. 
INGELOW  (Jean). 
The   Littl?    Wonder-horn. 

A  Second  Series  of  "  Stories  Told  to 
a  Child."  With  Fifteen  Illustrations. 
Small  8vo.    Cloth,  price  aj.  td. 

Indian    Bishoprics.       By  an 

Indian  Churchman.   Demy  8vo.  6d. 

International    Scientific 

Series  (The). 

I.  Forms  of  Water  :  A  Fami- 
liar Exposition  of  the  Origin  and 
Phenomena  of  Glaciers.  By  J. 
Tyndall,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.  With  25 
Illustrations.  Seventh  Edition. Crown 
8vo.    Cloth,  price  5*. 

II.  Physics  and  Politics;  or, 
Thoughu  on  the  Application  of  the 
Principles  of  "  Natural  Selection" 
and  "Inheritance"  to  Political  So- 
ciety. By  Walter  Bagehot.  Fourth 
Edition.   Crown  8vo.  Cloth,  price  45. 

III.  Foods.  liy  Edward  Smith, 
M.D.,  LL.B.,  F.R.S.  With  nu- 
merous Illustrations.  Fifth  Edition. 
Crown  8vo.     Cloth,  price  5*. 

IV  Mind  and  Body:  The  Theo- 
ries of  their  Relation.  By  Alexander 
Bain,  LL.D.  With  Four  Illustra- 
tions. Sixth  Edition.  Crown  8vo. 
Cloth,  price  4X. 


International  Scientific 
Series  (The) — continued, 

V.  The  Study  of  Sociolopr. 
ByHerbert  Spencer.  SeventliEdition. 
Crown  8vo.     Cloth,  price  5*. 

VI.  On  the  Conservation  of 
Energy.  By  Balfour  Stewart,  M.  A., 
LL.D.,  F.R.S.  With  14  Illustrations. 
Fifth  Edition.  Crown  8vo.  Cloth, 
price  5X. 

VII.  Animal  Locomotion ;  or. 
Walking,  Swimming,  and  Flying. 
By  J.  B.  Pettigrew,  M.D.,  F.R.S., 
&c.  With  130  Illustrations.  Second 
Edition.  Crown  8vo.  Cloth,  price  5*. 

VIII.  Responsibility  in  Mental 
Disease.  By  Henry  Maudsley, 
M.  D.  Third  Edition.  Crown  8vo. 
Cloth,  price  5*. 

IX.  The  New  Chemistry.  By 
Professor  J.  P.  Cooke,  of  the  Har- 
vard  University.  With  31  Illustra- 
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i6 


AZJstof 


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17 


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W.  B.  Carpenter,  LL.D.,  F.R.S. 
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Sir  John  Lubbock,  Bart.,  F.R.S. 
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Prof.  W.  T.Thiselton  Dyer,  B  A., 
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Prof.  A.  C.  Ramsay,  LL.D.,  F.R.S. 
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Prof.  T.  H.  Huxley.  The  Crayfish : 
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Prof.  A.  DE  QuATREFACES,  Membre 
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Francis  Galton,  F.R.S.  Psycho- 
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T.  W.  JuDD,  F.R.S. 
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George  J.  Romanes,  F.L.S.    Ani- 
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Alfred  W.  Bennett.    A  Hand- 
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I) 


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•     i 


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Volume  VI 1 1,  of  The  International 
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20 


A  List  of 


MAUOHAN  (W.  C). 
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An  Autumn  Tour  in  the 
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MOCKLER  (E.). 
A  Grammar  of  the  Baloo- 
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Persia- Arabic  and  Roman  characters. 
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aa 


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PARKER  (Joseph),  D.D. 
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way Reform.  Crown  8vo.  Cloth, 
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PATTISON  (Mrs.  Mark). 
The  Renaissance  of  Art  in 
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PAUL  (C.  Kegan). 
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The  Genius  of  Christianity 

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Godwin     never     before     published. 

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Kegan  Paul.     Crown  8vo.     Cloth, 

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Songs  of  Life  and  Death. 

Crown  8vo.     Cloth,  price  sj. 
PAYNE  (Prof.  J.  F.). 

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PELLETAN  (E.). 
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Jarousseau.  Translated  from  the 
French.  By  Colonel  E.  P.  De 
L'Hoste.  With  a  Frontispiece.  New 
Edition.  Fcap.  Bva  Cloth,  price 
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PENNELL  (H.  Cholmondeley). 
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PENRICE  (Maj.  J.),  B.A. 
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PESCHEL  (Dr.  Oscar). 
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Animal    Locomotion ;    or, 

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Volume  VII.  of  The  Intem.ntional 
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C  Ktgan  Paul  &*  Co.^s  Publications, 


23 


PFEIFFER  (Emily). 

Quarterman's  Grace,  and 
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PLAYFAIR  (Lieut.  -  Col.),  Her 
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POUSHKIN  (A.  S.). 
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MouravieffX  Crown  Bvo.  Cloth, 
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POWER  (H.). 
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Unfoldings     of    Christian 

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PROCTOR  (Richard  A.),  B.A. 
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RAM  (James). 
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24 


A  List  of 


C.  Kegan  Paul  6r*  Co.^s  Publications. 


«5 


READ  (Carveth). 
On  the  Theory  of  Lo^c  : 

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REANEY  (Mrs.  Q.  S.). 
Blessing  and   Blessed ;    a 

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RHOADES  (James). 

Timoleon.  A  Dramatic  Poem. 
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RIBOT  (Prof.  Th.X 

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RINK  (Chevalier  Dr.  Henry). 
Greenland  :  Its  People  and 

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sixteen  Illustrations,  drawn  by  the 
Eskimo,  and  a  Map.  Edited  by  Dr. 
Robert  Brown.  Crown  8vo.  Price 
xos.  6d. 

ROBERTSON    (The    Late    Rev. 
F.  W.),  M.A.,  of  Brighton. 

Notes  on  Genesis.  Third 
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ROBERTSON  (The  Late  Rev.  P. 
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Sermons.  Four  Series.  Small 

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Expository  Lectures  on 
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ROBINSON  (A.  Mary  P.). 
A      Handful     of     Honey- 
suckle.   Fcap.   8vo.    Cloth,  price 
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RODWELL   (G.    P.),    P.R.A  8., 
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Etna :  a  History  of  the 
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ROSS  (Mrs.  E.),  ("Nelsie  Brook"). 
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from  Humble  Life.  With  Six  Illus- 
trations.   Royal  i6mo.     Cloth,  price 

IX. 

RUSSELL  (Major  Frank  S.). 
Russian  Wars  with  Turkey, 
Past  and  Present.   With  Two  Maps. 
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V 


RUTHERFORD  (John). 
The  Secret  History  of  the 
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SADLER  (S.  W.),  R.N. 
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tions. Second  Edition.  Crown  Svo. 
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SAMAROW  (G.). 
For  Sceptre  and  Crown.   A 

Romance  of  the  Present  Time. 
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SAUNDERS  (Katherine). 
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fantry Tactics.  Parts  I.  and  II. 
Translated  from  the  German  by 
Colonel  Lumley  Graham.  Demy 
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SCHMIDT  (Prof.  Oscar). 
The   Doctrine  of  Descent 

and  Darwinism.  With  5t6  Illus- 
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Volume  XII.  of  The  International 
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SCHUTZENBERGER(Prof.P.). 
Fermentation.  With  Nu- 
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Volume  XX.  of  The  International 
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SCOTT  (Patrick). 
The  Dream  and  the  Deed, 

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